您正在看的Linux|Unix是:GCC使用指南及gcc最佳编译参数。

使用语法：

gcc [ option | filename ]...

g++ [ option | filename ]...

其中 option 为 gcc 使用时的选项(后面会再详述)，而 filename 为欲以 gcc 处理的文件

说明：

这 C 与 C++ 的 compiler 已将产生新程序的相关程序整合起来。产生一个新的程序需要经过四个阶段：预处理、编译、汇编、连结，而这两个编译器都能将输入的文件做不同阶段的处理。虽然原始程序的扩展名可用来分辨编写原始程序码所用的语言，但不同的compiler，其预设的处理程序却各不相同：

gcc 预设经由预处理过(扩展名为.i)的文件为 C 语言，并於程式连结阶段以 C 的连结方式处理。

g++ 预设经由预处理过(扩展名为.i)的文件为 C++ 语言，并於程序连结阶段以 C++ 的连结方式处理。

原始程序码的扩展名指出所用编写程序所用的语言，以及相对应的处理方法：

.c C 原始程序 ； 预处理、编译、汇编

.C C++ 原始程序 ； 预处理、编译、汇编

.cc C++ 原始程序 ； 预处理、编译、汇编

.cxx C++ 原始程序 ； 预处理、编译、汇编

.m Objective-C 原始程序 ； 预处理、编译、汇编

.i 已经过预处理之 C 原始程序 ； 编译、汇编

.ii 已经过预处理之 C++ 原始程序 ； 编译、汇编

.s 组合语言原始程序 ； 汇编

.S 组合语言原始程序 ； 预处理、汇编

.h 预处理文件(标头文件) ； (不常出现在指令行)

其他扩展名的文件是由连结程序来处理，通常有：

.o Object file

.a Archive file

除非编译过程出现错误，否则 "连结" 一定是产生一个新程序的最後阶段。然而你也可以以 -c、-s 或 -E 等选项，将整个过程自四个阶段中的其中一个停止。在连结阶段，所有与原始码相对应的.o 文件、程序库、和其他无法自文件名辨明属性的文件(包括不以 .o为扩展名的 object file 以及扩展名为 .a 的 archive file)都会交由连结程序来处理(在指令行将那些文件当作连结程序的参数传给连结程序)。

选项：

不同的选项必须分开来下：例如 `-dr' 这个选项就与 `-d -r' 大不相同。

绝大部份的 `-f' 及 `-W' 选项都有正反两种形式：-fname 及-fno-name (或 -Wname 及 -Wno-name)。以下只列出非预设的那个形式。

以下是所有选项的摘要。以形式来分类。选项的意义将另辟小节说明。

一般性(概略、常用的)选项

-c -S -E -o file -pipe -v -x language

程序语言选项

-ansi -fall-virtual -fcond-mismatch

-fdollars-in-identifiers -fenum-int-equiv

-fexternal-templates -fno-asm -fno-builtin

-fno-strict-prototype -fsigned-bitfields

-fsigned-char -fthis-is-variable

-funsigned-bitfields -funsigned-char

-fwritable-strings -traditional -traditional-cpp

-trigraphs

编译时的警告选项

-fsyntax-only -pedantic -pedantic-errors -w -W

-Wall -Waggregate-return -Wcast-align -Wcast-qual

-Wchar-subscript -Wcomment -Wconversion

-Wenum-clash -Werror -Wformat -Wid-clash-len

-Wimplicit -Winline -Wmissing-prototypes

-Wmissing-declarations -Wnested-externs -Wno-import

-Wparentheses -Wpointer-arith -Wredundant-decls

-Wreturn-type -Wshadow -Wstrict-prototypes -Wswitch

-Wtemplate-debugging -Wtraditional -Wtrigraphs

-Wuninitialized -Wunused -Wwrite-strings

除错选项

-a -dletters -fpretend-float -g -glevel -gcoff

-gxcoff -gxcoff+ -gdwarf -gdwarf+ -gstabs -gstabs+

-ggdb -p -pg -save-temps -print-file-name=library

-print-libgcc-file-name -print-prog-name=program

最佳化选项

-fcaller-saves -fcse-follow-jumps -fcse-skip-blocks

-fdelayed-branch -felide-constructors

-feXPensive-optimizations -ffast-math -ffloat-store

-fforce-addr -fforce-mem -finline-functions

-fkeep-inline-functions -fmemoize-lookups

-fno-default-inline -fno-defer-pop

-fno-function-cse -fno-inline -fno-peephole

-fomit-frame-pointer -frerun-cse-after-loop

-fschedule-insns -fschedule-insns2

-fstrength-reduce -fthread-jumps -funroll-all-loops

-funroll-loops -O -O2

预处理选项

-Aassertion -C -dD -dM -dN -Dmacro[=defn] -E -H

-idirafter dir -include file -imacros file -iprefix

file -iwithprefix dir -M -MD -MM -MMD -nostdinc -P

-Umacro -undef

汇编程序选项

-Wa,option

连结程序选项

-llibrary -nostartfiles -nostdlib -static -shared

-symbolic -Xlinker option -Wl,option -u symbol

目录选项

-Bprefix -Idir -I- -Ldir

Target Options

-b machine -V version

与机器(平台)相关的选项

M680x0 Options

-m68000 -m68020 -m68020-40 -m68030 -m68040 -m68881

-mbitfield -mc68000 -mc68020 -mfpa -mnobitfield

-mrtd -mshort -msoft-float

VAX Options

-mg -mgnu -munix

SPARC Options

-mepilogue -mfpu -mhard-float -mno-fpu

-mno-epilogue -msoft-float -msparclite -mv8

-msupersparc -mcypress

Convex Options

-margcount -mc1 -mc2 -mnoargcount

AMD29K Options

-m29000 -m29050 -mbw -mdw -mkernel-registers

-mlarge -mnbw -mnodw -msmall -mstack-check

-muser-registers

M88K Options

-m88000 -m88100 -m88110 -mbig-pic

-mcheck-zero-division -mhandle-large-shift

-midentify-revision -mno-check-zero-division

-mno-ocs-debug-info -mno-ocs-frame-position

-mno-optimize-arg-area -mno-serialize-volatile

-mno-underscores -mocs-debug-info

-mocs-frame-position -moptimize-arg-area

-mserialize-volatile -mshort-data-num -msvr3 -msvr4

-mtrap-large-shift -muse-div-instruction

-mversion-03.00 -mwarn-passed-structs

RS6000 Options

-mfp-in-toc -mno-fop-in-toc

RT Options

-mcall-lib-mul -mfp-arg-in-fpregs -mfp-arg-in-gregs

-mfull-fp-blocks -mhc-struct-return -min-line-mul

-mminimum-fp-blocks -mnohc-struct-return

MIPS Options

-mcpu=cpu type -mips2 -mips3 -mint64 -mlong64

-mlonglong128 -mmips-as -mgas -mrnames -mno-rnames

-mgpopt -mno-gpopt -mstats -mno-stats -mmemcpy

-mno-memcpy -mno-mips-tfile -mmips-tfile

-msoft-float -mhard-float -mabicalls -mno-abicalls

-mhalf-pic -mno-half-pic -G num -nocpp

i386 Options

-m486 -mno-486 -msoft-float -mno-fp-ret-in-387

HPPA Options

-mpa-risc-1-0 -mpa-risc-1-1 -mkernel -mshared-libs

-mno-shared-libs -mlong-calls -mdisable-fpregs

-mdisable-indexing -mtrailing-colon

i960 Options

-mcpu-type -mnumerics -msoft-float

-mleaf-procedures -mno-leaf-procedures -mtail-call

-mno-tail-call -mcomplex-addr -mno-complex-addr

-mcode-align -mno-code-align -mic-compat

-mic2.0-compat -mic3.0-compat -masm-compat

-mintel-asm -mstrict-align -mno-strict-align

-mold-align -mno-old-align

DEC Alpha Options

-mfp-regs -mno-fp-regs -mno-soft-float -msoft-float

System V Options

-G -Qy -Qn -YP,paths -Ym,dir

Code Generation Options

-fcall-saved-reg -fcall-used-reg -ffixed-reg

-finhibit-size-directive -fnonnull-objects

-fno-common -fno-ident -fno-gnu-linker

-fpcc-struct-return -fpic -fPIC

-freg-struct-returno -fshared-data -fshort-enums

-fshort-double -fvolatile -fvolatile-global

-fverbose-asm

PRAGMAS

Two `#pragma' directives are supported for GNU C++, to

permit using the same header file for two purposes: as a

definition of interfaces to a given object class, and as

the full definition of the contents of that object class.

#pragma interface

(C++ only.) Use this directive in header files that define object classes, to save space in most of the object files that use those classes. Nor- mally, local copies of certain information (backup copies of inline member functions, debugging infor-mation, and the internal tables that implement vir-tual functions) must be kept in each object file that includes class definitions. You can use this pragma to avoid such duplication. When a header file containing `#pragma interface' is included in a compilation, this auxiliary information will not be generated (unless the main input source file it-self uses `#pragma implementation'). Instead, the object files will contain references to be resolved at link time.

#pragma implementation

#pragma implementation "objects.h"(C++ only.) Use this pragma in a main input file,when you want full output from included header files to be generated (and made globally visible).

The included header file, in turn, should use`#pragma interface'. Backup copies of inline mem-ber functions, debugging information, and the in-ternal tables used to implement virtual functions are all generated in implementation files.

If you use `#pragma implementation' with no argu-ment, it applies to an include file with the same basename as your source file; for example, in `allclass.cc', `#pragma implementation' by itself is equivalent to `#pragma implementation"allclass.h"'. Use the string argument if you wanta single implementation file to include code frommultiple header files.

There is no way to

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