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第二十四单元Mainly revision
您正在看的高中二年级是:第二十四单元Mainly revision。

  一、教法建议

  【 抛砖引玉 】

  单元双基学习目标

  Ⅰ. 词汇学习

  tie , chain , haircut , pin , secretary , forgive , owe , trick , roll , tear ( v ) , wish…every success , congratulate… on , help…out , insist on , painter , repay , play a trick on , be tired of .

  Ⅱ. 交际英语 (复习下列交际用语)

  1 . 谈论天气的用语:

  It\'s a beautiful day today .

  It is a bit…today , isn\'t it?

  Tomorrow will turn out fine .

  2 . 表示决意的用语:

  I\'ve decided……

  I\'d rather ( not ) have……

  I\'d prefer them ( not ) to……

  3 . 表示祝贺或祝愿的用语:

  I\'d like to congratulate you ( on…… )

  I wish you every success .

  Ⅲ. 语法学习

  “倒装句”何时不倒装

  一般说来,英语倒装有两个原因:一是语法结构的需要;一是为了强调。在需要倒装的各种 句型中,有时主语和谓语并不需要倒装,现归纳如下。

  ※ 在特殊疑问句中,若疑问词作主语,主谓不倒装。如:

  What happened to Yang Pei?

  ※ 在特殊疑问句中,若疑问词修饰主语,主谓不倒装。如:

  Whose books are on the teacher\'s desk?

  ※ 陈述式疑问句主谓不倒装。如:

  You don\'t know the way?

  ※ 在某些感叹句中主谓不倒装。如:

  How he worked!

  ※ 以 here , there , off , up , down 等副词开头的句子,若主语为代词时,主谓语不倒 装。

  Here you are .

  Off they ran to school .

  ※ 当 only 位于句首修饰主语时,主谓不倒装。如:

  Only girls can do it well .

  ※ 当 not only…but also… 位于句首连接两个并列主语时,主谓不倒装。如:

  Not only he but also I am from the south . 不仅他是而且我也是南方人。

  ※ 把副词 so 提前,如果两句的主语相同,且后者只是进一步肯定前者,so 后面的语序不 必倒装。如:

  —He works hard . 他学习很努力。

  —So he does . 是很努力。

  ※ 以 so 开头,表示“也”时,特别是在“so it + be + with + 名词 ( 代词 ) ”句型中, 主谓不倒装。如:

  Men can\'t live without air and water . So it is with animals and plants .

  ※ 直接引语的一部分或全部位于句首,如果主语是人称代词,主谓不倒装。如:

  —I don\'t want to be examined , he answered .

  —Let me be .

  【 指点迷津 】

  when,where 和 why 引导的定语从句和同位语从句之区别

  when , where 和 whey 既可以引导定语从句,也可以引导同位语从句,它们的相同点是在两 种从句中都可以充当状语成分。不同点是:when , where 和 why 作关系副词引导定语从句时, 有跟它们含义相应的先行词,如 when 的相应先行词是表示时间的名词,where 的相应先行词是 表示地点的名词,why 的相应先行词是表示原因的名词。当 when , where 和 why 作连接副词引 导同位语从句时,则没有与它们含义相应的先行词。试比较:

  I\'ll never forget the day when ( = on which ) we met for the first time . ( 定语 从句 )

  I have no idea when we met for the first time ( 同位语从句 )

  The office where ( = in which ) you work is here . ( 定语从句 )

  Then arose the question where we were to get so much money . ( 同位语从句 )

  The reason why ( = for which ) he did not come is quite clear . ( 定语从句 )

  Xiao Wang has solved the problem why the TV was out of order . ( 同位语从句 )

  以上例句中 when , where 和 why 作关系副词引导定语从句时,可以改为“介词 + 关系代 词 which”来引导;而引导同位语从句的 when , where 和 why 就不能这样改。

  二、学海导航

  【 学法指要 】

  单元重点词汇点拨

  1 . forgive 为不规则动词,过去式为 forgave , 过去分词为 forgiven ; 意为“宽恕 ( 人、罪等 ) ,原谅,饶恕 ( 某人的行为 ) ”。例如:

  She forgave her husband .

  If you apologize , the teacher may forgive your negligence .

  2 . insist 意为“一定要;坚持要求”,既可用作及物动词,也可用作不及物动词。当其作 不及物动词时,其后通常跟 on 或 upon 引起的短语。例如:

  They insisted on an early decision .

  The doctor insisted on operating on the patient at once .

  He insisted upon going there on foot .

  He insisted on my studying English together with them .

  当 insist 用作及物动词时,通常用句型 insist + that 从句。从句中的谓语动词常用虚拟 语气,即用“should + 动词原形”,其中的 should 常可省略。例如:

  I insisted that the meeting ( should be ) be put off .

  She insisted that he daughter ( should ) go on to learn English after she left school .

  We insisted that he should come to the party . ( = We insisted on his coming to the party . )

  3 . own 用作形容词时,意为“自己的,自己的东西”;用作动词时,意为“拥有;承 认”。

  This is a picture of my own painting .

  The three children grew up and had families of their own .

  4 . remind 是及物动词,意为“使 ( 人 ) 想起”,后跟 of 引起的短语。例如:

  I was reminded of my promise .

  The photo reminds me of my school life .

  The letter from my friend reminded me of our school days .

  remind 还可以译为“使人想起;提醒”,后面可以跟带不定式的复合结构,或跟宾语从句。 例 如:

  She reminded me that I hadn\'t watered the flowers .

  Please remind me to hand in my composition tomorrow .

  5 . wish 常可用来表示祝愿。例如:

  I wish you a pleasant journey home .

  I wish you success / luck / happiness / victory .

  I wish you a happy birthday .

  I wish you happy / lucky / well .

  I wish you safe in the journey .

  在英语中“wish + that - clause . ”表示“但愿……;希望……”,宾语从句用虚拟语气。 宾语从句如果和主句所表示的动作同时发生,从句的谓语动词用一般过去时;如果宾语从句所表 示的动作先于主句,从句中的谓语动词用过去完成时;如果宾语从句所表示的动作后于主句,从 句中的谓语动词用过去将来时。例如:

  I wish I had your brain .

  I wish I were taller .

  I wish something interesting would happen very soon .

  I wish you would forget it .

  I wished that I had known what to say .

  I with I hadn\'t said those terrible things about her .

  单元词组思维运用

  1 . be tired of ( = be no longer interested in ) 意为“对……厌烦”。例如:

  Are you tired of living in the city?

  They are tired of the same food for supper every evening .

  Don\'t make so much noise , I am tired of it .

  2 . congratulate……on 表示“就某事祝贺某人”,其中 congratulate 是及物动词,意为 “祝贺;道贺”。例如:

  I congratulate you on your achievements with all my heart .

  We warmly congratulate you on your success .

  He congratulated us on getting married .

  I heartily congratulate myself on having chosen a good woman to be my wife .

  He has sent me a telegram congratulating me on my success .

  表示“祝贺”时,也可使用 congratulations ( 常用复数形式 ) 。例如:

  Congratulations on your success .

  You passed the examination successfully . Please accept my congratulations .

  3 . drop in 意为“顺便来访;到……家来”,常用于非正式文体中。表示“来访某家” 时,用“drop in at…”,表示“来访某人”时,用“drop in on……”。例如:

  Please drop in at my office when you happen to be free .

  I\'d like to drop in at Mr Sun on the way to school .

  Xiao Wang often dropped in when he worked at the college .

  I just dropped in to see if he was at home studying English .

  4 . earn one\'s living 意为“谋生;挣钱生活”,其中 earn 是及物动词。例如:

  He earned his living as a teacher .

  She had to help her husband to earn a living by teaching at a language school .

  Do you know how much he earns a month?

  Rescuing a drowning man earned him the respect of all .

  5 . help……out 意为“帮助 ( 做某事;克服困难等 ) ”。例如:

  Nobody helped me out when I lost my job .

  The students help out in the factory after school .

  Kate fell ill last week , many of her friends came to help out .

  He often helps us out when we have been in trouble .

  6 . “Let\'s drink to……”是祝酒的用语,介词 to 后跟名词,表示“为 ( 某事 ) 干杯” 的意思。例如:

  Let\'s drink to the success of Mr John .

  Let\'s drink to your further achievements .

  Now , let\'s drink to the friendship between both of us .

  表示“我提议为……干杯”可以使用“I should like to propose a toast to……”。例 如:

  I should like to propose a toast to the health of all the friends present here!

  I\'d like to propose a toast to the further development of our country .

  7 . make progress 意为“取得进步”,其中 progress 为不可数名词。例如:

  The great leader chairman Mao said , “Study hard and make progress every day . ”

  In order to improve his spoken English , he listens to English programmes every day , at last he made great progress .

  8 . What a shame! ( 真遗憾!真不像话! ) 用来表示“遗憾;愤懑”。可以单独使用,也可 以后跟 that - clause 或不定式短语。例如:

  —Li Lei didn\'t do his homework yesterday .

  —What a shame!

  What a shame that I failed in the mid - term examinations!

  What a shame to spare him so much time!

  单元难点疑点思路明晰

  1 . I\'d also like to congratulate you on your good work . 同时我还为你的工作祝贺 你。

  congratulate sb . on sth . 因为……向某人祝贺 congratulation ( 名词 ) 多以复数形式 出现。

  注意:celebrate 同 congratulate 的区别:celebrate 表示庆祝,宾语常常为一个 special day or special event . 如:celebrate National Day 庆祝国庆 celebrate birthday 庆祝生 日 congratulate 的宾语常为 sb .

  2 . You\'ve done very well . 你做得很好。 do well in 在……方面做得好 He did well in the game . 在这次比赛中他表现得很出色。

  3 . the three of us / three of us

  the three of us 表示我们三个人;three of us 表示我们中的三个人。

  4 . At the moment in my country there are very few such schools . 目前在我国这类 学校太少了。

  注意:at the moment , for the moment , for a moment 和 in a moment 之区别。

  at the moment “此时”、“此刻” ( 现在时态 ) “那时” ( 过去时态 )

  He is busy at the moment 他此刻很忙。

  At the moment he was busy preparing his lessons . 那时,他正忙于准备功课。

  for the moment “目前”、“暂时”,如:

  Please stop discussing for the moment . 请暂停讨论。

  for a moment“一会儿”、“片刻”,如:

  I\'d like to talk with you for the moment . 我想和你谈一会儿。

  in a moment “立即”、“马上”,如:

  I\'ll be back in a moment . 我马上就回来。

  5 . ……but none of the banks I spoke to were interested , ……但是,我去找过的银 行没有一家感兴趣。

  1 ) I spoke to 是定语从句,省略了连接词 that。

  2 ) none / no one

  none 可以和 of 连用,no one 不可以。none 做主语,谓语可以用单数也可以用复数;no one 做主语,谓语用单数。none 既可以指 sb . 也可以指 sth . ; no one 单指 sb . 。用 How many 提问时,用 none 回答;用 Are there / Is there 提问时,用 no one 回答。

  6 . Could I drop in at your house……?到你家拜访你好吗?

  could 在这里是一种委婉语气,表示征求意见。

  drop in at 加地点;drop in on拜访某人。如:

  I\'d like to drop in on you next week . 下周我去拜访你。

  7 . Is he eXPecting you?他在等你吗?

  expect ——在此句中相当于 wait for 等待。但是 wait for 单纯强调动作,eXPect 强调 内心的企盼。如:

  We\'re eXPecting a telephone .

  Is this the letter you\'ve been eXPecting?

  But we should not eXPect success over night .

  8 . I\'ve just arrived myself so forgive me if I don\'t seem to know what\'s going on . 我自己也刚到,所以,如果我看来不了解情况的话,那么请你原谅。

  1 ) myself 是 I 的同位语,可以放在主语 I 后面。

  2 ) go on 在此句中表示“发生,进展”。

  如:What\'s going on here?这儿发生什么事了?

  9 . And I owe you some money . 我还欠着你的钱呢。

  ( 1 ) 句中 owe , vt , 作“欠 ( 钱 ) 、借钱、负债”解。其后常跟双宾语,即:owe sb . sth 或 owe sth . to sb . 如:

  I owe the tailor $20 . = I owe $20 to the tailor .

  I owed Mary 70 dollars when I was in Paris . 我在巴黎时,欠玛丽70美元。

  ( 2 ) owe 还有“应把……归功于……”之意。如:

  He owes his success to hard work and practice .

  I owe it to the doctor that I am still alive .

  10 . I\'m afraid I\'m still not very good at it , though . 不过很遗憾。我在中文方面 学得还不太好。

  ①I\'m afraid + 从句,其意思相当于 I\'m sorry , but……。在口语中常常带有遗憾的口 气,用来引出带有歉意的回绝,或引出不好的消息等。其意思为“很遗憾”,“恐怕”,“对不 起”,“我认为”,例如:

  〖 辨析 〗be afraid of 后接动名词短语,表示不愿产生或怕产生一种后果。意为“怕

  ……”,“担心……”。be afraid 后接不定式短语,表示不敢做出一种行动。意为“不敢 ……”。

  He handed the cup with care , because he was afraid of breaking it .

  The little girl is afraid to go out at midnight .

  ②I\'m afraid not 与 I\'m afraid so 常用作答语。如:

  “Can you lend me a pen?”“I\'m afraid not . ”

  “It\'s going to rain . ”“I\'m afraid so . ”

  ③句中的 though 是副词,意为“可是,但是”,一般单独放在句末。例如:

  He said he would come , he didn\'t , though . 他说他会来,可是他并没有来。

  It\'s hard work . I enjoy it , though . 工作很苦,但我干得很快活。

  I\'ve got a bit of a cold . It\'s nothing serious , though . 我有点感冒,但是并不严 重。

  —Nice day .

  —Yes . A bit cold , though .

  11 . It\'s a pity you missed the sports meeting last week . 很可惜,上周的运动会你 错过了。

  ①“It is ( was , seems ) a pity ( that ) ……”是表示遗憾的口语句型。that 从句就 是指所遗憾的事情。在口语中 that 常省略。从结构上讲,it 是形式主语,that 从句是真正的 主语。句型意思是“可惜的是……”,“遗憾的是……”。例如:

  It\'s a pity ( that ) we missed the wonderful show last night .

  It\'s a pity too much waste has been poured into the river .

  ②还可用感叹句的结构来表示遗憾。如:

  What a pity!真可惜! ( 真遗憾! )

  What a pity he couldn\'t go with you . 真可惜,他不能和你一起去。

  12 . Mr Brain has just heard Zheng Jie playing the piano in a concert . 布雷恩先 生刚刚听了郑杰在音乐会上的钢琴演奏。

  I read about you in the newspaper and decided to come and hear you play .

  Fortunately people want to come and hear me play .

  【 讲解 】①以上是94课中出现的三句话,在上述三个句子中,可归纳为“主语 + 谓语 + 宾 语 + 宾语补足语”的结构。其中的宾语补足语可以是不带 to 的不定式 ( play ) , 也可以是 v - ing 形式 ( playing ) .

  ②在 see , hear , feel , watch , notice 等表示感觉的动词后,既可用 v - ing 构成复 合宾语,也可用不带 to 的动词不定式构成复合宾语。两者之间有时有差别。用 v - ing , 表示 动作正在进行,即处于发生的过程中,还没有结束;用不定式则表示动作发生了。试比较:

  Do you hear someone knocking at the door? ( 讲时还在敲 )

  I heard someone knock at the door three times . ( 讲时敲的动作已结束 )

  I noticed her coming into the room .

  I noticed her come into her room and sit down on one chair .

  【 妙文赏析 】

  Stay Calm Like Me

  Mr Cooler is a successful business man . He is proud of himself .

  “To be successful in business , ”he often says , “One must first learn to stay calm , —— always stay calm no matter what has happened . ”

  One day , when Mr Cooler came home from his off

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