您正在看的高中三年级是:非谓语动词用法对比。

　　非谓语动词的句法功能:

　　1. 不定式—主、表、宾、补语(宾补&主补)、定、状、同位语

　　2. 动名词—主、表、宾、定、同位语

　　3.分 词—表、补语(宾补&主补)、定、状

　　知识要点：

　　一、不定式与动名词做主语：

　　1、 动名词做主语往往表示普通的、一般的行为，不定式做主语常表示某次具体的行为。Collecting information about children’s health is his job.

　　It’s necessary to discuss the problem with an eXPerienced teacher.

　　2、常用不定式做主语的句型有：

　　常用结构：It+be+ adj./n.+ for sb. to do sth.

　　(常见形容词: difficult , important, necessary, impossible, etc.)

　　It+be+ adj. + of sb. to do sth. =sb. be + adj. + to do sth.

　　(常见形容词:clever, silly, foolish, stupid, wise, kind, rude, impolite, careless, cruel, crazy, etc.)

　　3、常用动名词做主语的句型有：It’s no good (use, fun) doing sth.

　　It’s (a) waste of time one’s doing sth. It’s worth while doing sth.

　　二、不定式、动名词、分词做表语：

　　1、不定式做表语常表示谓语动词所表示动作之后发生的动作。不定式一般紧跟在系动词如: be, seem, remain, appear等后面, 用来说明主语的内容。这类结构中的主语一般为名词，如：idea, purpose, hope, plan, intention, wish, dream, etc.

　　eg.) My purpose is to teach them a lesson.

　　有时句子主语也可以是不定式或名词性从句。

　　Eg.) To be strict with students is to be responsible to them.

　　What I want to do is (to )tell you the truth.

　　The only thing he could do was ( to) tell the truth.

　　如果主语中含有do的任何形式, 那么不定式可以省去to.

　　2、动名词做表语是对主语内容的解释，这时主语与表语位置可互换，动名词常用于口语中。

　　Its full-time job is laying eggs.

　　3、分词做表语:

　　现在分词作表语:一般表示主动或主语的性质和特征, “令人……”的, 主语多数情况是sth.

　　过去分词作表语: 一般表示被动或说明主语情感心理上的感受, “感到……的”,主语多数是sb.

　　exciting, excited annoying, annoyed amazing, amazed

　　boring, bored confusing, confused encouraging, encouraged

　　embarrassing, embarrassed frightening, frightened; inspiring, inspired

　　现在分词做表语表示主语的性质与特征;进行时表示正在进行的动作。

　　The task of this class is practising the idioms. (现在分词做表语)

　　With the help of the teacher, the students are practising the idioms. (现在进行时)

　　过去分词作表语表示主语所处的被动状态或完成某动作的状态。而被动语态表示主语所承受的动作。

　　The village is surrounded by high mountains.(过去分词做表语)

　　The enemy was surrounded by the Red Army.(被动语态)

　　He is well educated.(过去分词做表语)

　　He has been educated in this college for three years.(被动语态)

　　注意: 过分除修饰sb.以外,还可修饰表示神态、声音等的名词, 说明主语的心理状态。

　　Eg.) He had a _________ (terrifying, terrified) look in his eyes.

　　The boy answered in a ________ (frightening, frightened) voice.

　　三、不定式与动名词做宾语：

　　1、下列动词跟不定式做宾语：

　　want, wish, hope, eXPect, ask, demand, pretend, care, decide, happen, long, offer, refuse, fail, plan, prepare, order, cause, afford, beg, manage, agree, promise等。

　　2、在下列动词或动词短语后用动名词做宾语：

　　常见动词: advise, avoid(避免), appreciate(感激), admit(承认),consider(考虑), complete, delay, deny(否认), enjoy, excuse, escape, finish, forbid, forgive, imagine, miss, mind, mention, permit, practise, risk(冒险), suggest (建议), understand, etc.

　　常见短语: be busy, be worth, burst out, feel like, can’t help (忍不住), can’t stand, set about, succeed in, be engaged in, persist in, insist on, be fond of, dream of, prevent…(from), keep…from, stop…(from), protect…from…, set about, spend/waste…(in)

　　be/get used/accustomed to, look forward to, object to, pay attention to, get down to, devote oneself/one’s life ( energy, effort, time) to, make contributions to, admit to, owe to,

　　【lead to, stick to, listen to, refer to, turn to, thanks to, owing to, due to后接名词,一般不接动名词】

　　3、某些动词后既可接动名词,也可接不定式.

　　常见动词: begin/start, continue; love, like, dislike, hate, prefer; need, want, require; forget, remember, regret; mean, try, go on, stop, be used to, can’t help

　　3. begin/start

　　三种情况下,一般接不定式做宾语:①主语是sth.;②本身用于进行时;③做宾语的动词表示情感、思想或意念时(如:like, love, understand, realize, understand, know, etc.)

　　A.) love, like, dislike, hate, prefer, 如表示经常性的动作, 用动名词作宾语;如表示特定或具

　　体的动作,多接不定式.

　　Eg.) I like___(play) chess during my spare time.

　　I like___(play) at chess with the chess master now.

　　B.) need, want require

　　eg.) He wants _____(repair) the bike for me.

　　The bike needs/wants/ requires______(repair).

　　4. forget, remember, regret

　　eg.) The light in the office is still on. I forgot ____ (turn) it off.

　　I’ll never forget ____(see) the musical comedy in New York.

　　Remember____( meet) me tonight.

　　I remember ____(take) to Beijing when I was a child.

　　I regret ____ (inform) you that you are dismissed.

　　I regret ______( not take )