您正在看的高中三年级是:Preposition。

　　介词是英语中最活跃的词类之一，它表示的是它后面的名词或代词 (或相当于名词的其他词类、短语或从句) 与其他句子成分的关系。

　　一、介词的分类

　　介词可分为下列三类：

　　1. 简单介词：

　　about, above, across, after, against, among, at, before, behind, below, beneath, beside, besides, beyond, but, by, down, during, except, for, from, in, like, near, of, off, on, over, past, round, since, through, to, towards, under, until, till, up, with等

　　2. 合成介词：

　　inside, into, onto, outside, throughout, upon, within, without等

　　3. 短语介词：

　　according to, ahead of, along with, apart from, as for, as to, because of, by means of, in front of, in spite of, instead of, on account of, on behalf of , owing to, due to, together with, up to, in/with regard to, next to等

　　介词不能单独充当句子成分，它必须与名词、代词或相当于名词作用的成分(动名词、名词性从句、疑问词+不定式)构成介词短语才能充当句子的成分。

　　It’s going to be sunny tomorrow according to the weather forecast.

　　How much money need I take with me?

　　She is fond of collecting stamps.

　　I wonder how we can finish the job in time.

　　He gave us some advice on how to learn English.

　　二、介词短语的句法功能

　　1. 作定语，例如：

　　I have lost the key to the door of my room.

　　我把房间的钥匙丢了。

　　Then a gentleman in black came forward.

　　这时一位穿黑衣服的先生走向前来。

　　2. 作状语，例如：

　　That was done without my knowledge and without my consent.

　　这件事我既不知道也没同意。

　　Don't stand under a tree during a thunderstorm.

　　雷雨时不要站在树下。

　　3. 作表语，例如：

　　The book is out of print.

　　这书已不再印行。

　　To be strict with a person is for his own good.

　　严是爱。

　　4. 作宾语补足语

　　When he came to life, he fond himself in a hospital.

　　当他苏醒时，他发现自己在一家医院里。

　　三、介词的固定搭配

　　1. At

　　1.[表示地点或位置]在…，经由 2.[表示时间]在…时(刻) 3.处于…状态

　　4.在…方面 5.向，朝，以…为目标 6.[表示速度、价格等]以

　　7.从事于，忙于 8.因为 9.根据，按照 10.出席，参加

　　11从一个间隔距离

　　be good at 精通于 be annoyed at 对……烦恼 be angry at 对……发怒

　　(take) aim at 瞄准 laugh at 因……而发笑 stare at 盯着看，凝视

　　at best 充其量 at first 开始 at large 自由地，未被捕地 at least 至少，起码

　　at length 最后，终于 at once 立即，马上 at present 现在

　　at rest 休息，静止不动 at times 间或，有时 at the risk of 冒……的危险

　　at a speed of 以……的速度 be quick at 敏于做某事 be amazed at 吃惊

　　be slow at 对……反应慢 attempt at 试图，努力 glance at 瞥见

　　work at 从事，致力于 at fault 有错 at intervals 不时

　　at last 终于，最后 at leisure 有空，失业状态 at most 至多，不超过

　　at peace 平静 at random 随机，任意地 at sea 茫然，迷惑

　　at work 在工作，在运转 at the price of 以……的价格 at the sight of 一看到

　　例如：

　　He was angry at his brother's remark.

　　他对他兄弟的批评很恼火。

　　I don't know him but he has been staring at me for ten minutes.

　　我不认识他，但是他盯了我足有十分钟。

　　I know I am at fault.

　　我知道我错了。

　　The escaped prisoner is still at large.

　　那逃犯仍逍遥法外。

　　He is at present away on his holidays.

　　他现在到外地度假去了。

　　2. About

　　1.在…周围，在…身边 2.在/去…各处 3.关于，对于 4.(时刻、大小、数量等)大约 5.从事于 6.[后接不定式]刚要，正准备

　　careful about 小心 particular about 对……讲究 careless about 粗心

　　doubtful about 对……怀疑 sure about 肯定 concerned about 担心

　　a complaint about 抱怨，叫屈 bring about 引起，带来

　　care about 关心，介意 leave about 乱放，乱扔 anxious about 担心，想念

　　crazy about 迷恋 hopeful about 抱……希望 enthusiastic about 热心于

　　certain about 有把握 anxiety about 忧虑，担心 inquire about 询问

　　agree about 就……取得一致意见 hang about 闲荡，聚在……附近

　　come about 发生，产生 order about 不断差遣

　　例如：

　　How did it come about?

　　那事是怎样发生的?

　　She is crazy about pop music.

　　她对流行音乐着了迷。

　　English people are always making complaints about their weather.

　　英国人老是埋怨天气不好。

　　He is enthusiastic about the music of Brahams.

　　他热衷于布拉姆斯的乐曲。

　　Harry likes eating very much but he isn't very particular about the food he eats.

　　哈里很爱吃，但对他所吃的食物倒并不讲究。

　　3. Against

　　1.(反)对，违反 2.碰着 3.倚在，紧靠着 4.以…为背景 5.对…不利

　　6.以…为防御(或抵抗)对象 7.与…竞争 8.与…相邻

　　fight against 反对 vote against 投票反对 protect … against 保护……免受

　　stand against 反对，经受住 guard against 防护 protest against 反对，抗议

　　rise against 起来反抗 run against 对……不利，违反 strive against 与……作斗争

　　a defence against 防护，保卫 a protest against 抗议，反对

　　例如：

　　I protest against their criticism.

　　我对他们的批评提出抗议。

　　Those clothes don't give you much protection against the cold.

　　那些衣服不能使你御寒。

　　He should guard against passing on disease to his family.

　　他应当注意别把病传给自己家里的人。

　　4. By

　　1.在…旁 2.在…身边/手头 3.[方向]偏于 4.沿，经由 5.经过…旁边

　　6.不迟于，到…时为止 7.[表示方法、手段]靠，用，通过 8.由于

　　9.根据，按 10.被，由 11.相差 12.逐批 13.[表示关系]就…来说