例如:The factory built _______________ last year.游泳池
Our teacher uses a very good _______________.教学方法
(6) 作同位语。例如:His hobby, making model airplanes, is very interesting.
▲动名词的复合结构
动名词的复合结构由物主代词或名词所有格 + 动名词构成。如果不是在句子开头,这种结构常可以由名词的普通格或人称代词宾格 +动名词构成, 在句中可作主语、宾语等。
例如:Do you mind my closing the door? Do you mind me closing the door?
My closing the door made him angry.
I can’t stand Lao Chang’s talking like that about other comrades.
▲动名词的某些固定结构
(1) It is+no use,no good(fun,a great pleasure,a waste of time,a bore...)等名词+doing sth.
____________________.哭没有用。
It is no good objecting.________
_______________________________________设法解释是浪费时间。
(2)It is+useless+doing sth.
It is useless speaking.____________
(3)There is no + v-ing “…是不可能的”。
例如:There is no knowing how old she is.(= _______________________________________.)
There is no telling where she’s gone.(= __________________________________________.)
(4)make a point of + doing “认为…是必要的”
例如:Our family make a point of going to church every Sunday.(=__________________________)
(5)be on the point of + doing “濒临,将要…”
例如:He was on the point of leaving.
(6)on (upon) + doing “一…就…”
例如:On hearing the news, I changed my plans.(= _______________________________________)
(7)go + doing (大部分指运动和游戏)
例如:He went shopping / hiking / swimming / fishing etc.
(8)动名词短语常用在以下结构中
have difficulty (in) + doing sth, have trouble (in) + doing sth ,have fun (in) + doing sth have a good time (in) + doing sth,have a hard time (in) + doing sth
例如:_________________________________________________.我们解决这个问题有困难。
(9)feel like+名词“想要”=would like to +原形动词
例如:__________________________________你想看电影吗?
__________________________________今晚我不想读书。
(三) 分词在句中充当的成分
(1)作定语。作定语的分词如果是单个分词,放在所修饰的名词前;如果是分词短语则放在所修饰的名词后面。在用作定语时,分词在意思上接近一个定语从句。
例如:The boring snow made the bored boys go home. (= _______________________________)
China is ______________________________发展中的社会主义国家
The man writing the obituary (讣告) is my friend.(= _____________________________)
The ______ glass scattered on the ground.破杯
注:现在分词与过去分词都可作定语,但现在分词表达的是正在进行的事情,有主动意义;而过去分词表示的是已完成的事情,有被动意义。
(2)作表语、宾语补足语。能带分词作宾补的动词常见的有see, hear, keep, find, notice, watch, think, want, smell, observe等。
例如:The story is boring.
I found him _______________. 在读小说(现在分词作宾语补足语)
I found him __________________________.被一群孩子包围着 (过去分词作宾语补足语)
(3)作状语。分词作状语可以表示时间, 原因, 条件, 结果, 伴随情况。
例如:_____________(read)all the required papers, he answered the questions fluently. ---时间
_________(be) short of money, I decided to apply for the work. ---原因
Seriously _______(injure)Allen was rushed to the hospital. ----原因
If ________(go)there by plane, we’ll have to pay twice as much.—条件
Unless ____(ask)to answer questions, the pupils were not supposed to talk in Mrs.Smith’s class.条件
The farmer used a new insecticide, thus _______(raise)the average yield by 15%. –结果
He sat in a rocking chair, ________(watch)TV. ---伴随
▲分词的特殊结构
独立主格
有时分词的逻辑主语与主句主语不一致,这时分词须带上自身的主语,这种结构称为独立主格结构。这种结构在句中多作伴随状语。亦可用来表示时间、原因、条件等。
例如:That______(be) the case, we’d better make some changes in the plan.
Weather __________(permit),we will go out. == if weather permits
The teacher _______________(finish) the lesson, the students left the classroom.
“with或without + 名词或代词 + 分词”的复合结构
常用作补充说明或表示伴随情况。例如:He fell asleep with the lamp burning.
某些固定结构
generally / frankly speaking …,judging from / by …中,分词的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致,这种结构只限于为数很少的几个动词。
例如:Judging by his dress, he comes from a wealthy family.从他的衣着判断
_____________,I don't like him at all.坦率地说
catch+宾语+doing
例如:________________________________我抓住他们偷我的苹果。
_________________________________,she'll be furious.
如果她抓住我偷看她的日记,她会愤怒的
注:有些现在分词可以作介词用:如concerning, considering, regarding, respecting等。
例如:___________________, he is tall.考虑了他的年龄
I have nothing to say _____________________.关于他的演讲
三、非谓语动词比较
1.做主语宾语:-般来说,不定式和动名词成份相同时,表示客观性、一般性行为多用动名词表示,而表示一次性、具体性行为则多用不定式。
______________________ is her job.照看小孩
______________________ is his job today.打扫教室
I like ________, but I don't like _______ today because I don't feel well.游泳
注意
(1).begin和start本身为进行时,或后面动词为
非谓语动词(2)