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The Merchant of Venice
您正在看的高中三年级是:The Merchant of Venice。

  单元目标

  复习动词不定式

  1.动词不定式的时态——一般式,完成式和进行式.

  以及物动词write为例:

  主动

  被动

  一般式

  to write

  to be written

  进行式

  to be writing

  to be being written

  完成式

  to have written

  to have been written

  ①动词不定式一般式所表示的时间关系

  A:不定式一般式表示的动作与谓语所表示的动作同时发生.

  eg.I saw him go out.我看见他出去了.(saw和go out两个动作同时发生)

  B:但在很多情况下,动词不定式一般表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之后.

  例如:I hope to see you again.我希望再见到你.(to see这个动作发生在hope之后)

  ②不定式的完成式体现它所表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前.

  eg.I’m sorry to have troubled you so much.很抱歉刚才我打扰了你.

  但在plan,hope,eXPect,should like,would like等动词后,则表示没有实现的行为.

  eg.I would like to have gone with you,but I was busy then.

  我本想和你一起去,但那时我很忙.

  ③不定式的进行形式(to be doing)表示不定式的行为和谓语所表示的动作是同时发生的行为.eg.He pretended to be sleeping when we came in.当我们进来时,他假装在睡觉.

  ④不定式的被动式

  当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式动作的承受者时,不定式一般需用被动式.eg.He wants the work to be done.他想让人做这项工作.He asked to be sent to work in the countryside.他要求派往农村工作.

  动词不定式的复合结构是由“for短语+不定式”构成.如果动词不定式的逻辑主语不是句子主语或不是谓词动词的宾语,则需要用这一复合结构.eg.I have bought some books for you to read.我买了一些书给你读.

  2.动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征,同时也有动词的特征.它在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语.

  eg.To learn English well is very important.学好英语很重要.(作主语)

  It made us sad to learn the news.获悉这个消息使我们很悲伤.(作主语)

  Do you want to have a cup of coffee?你想要喝杯咖啡吗?(作宾语)

  Tell him not to be late again.告诉他别迟到.(作宾补)

  My job is to teach your English.我的工作是教你英语.(作表语)

  The biggest problem is how to make full use of time.

  最大的(最重要的)问题是如何充分利用时间.(作表语)

  I have a very important job to do.我有一项很重要的工作要做.(作定语)

  I work hard to pass the exam.为了通过考试,我努力工作.(作状语)

  He is old enough to dress himself.

  他足够大了可以给自己穿衣服了.(作状语)

  To tell the truth,I don’t agree with you.

  说实话,我不同意你的意见.(作独立成分)

  重点知识

  1.不定式作状语和分词作状语的区别

  A.在与谓语时间相关性上的不同:现在分词与谓语动词时间相同;过去分词早于谓语动词时间;不定式一般迟于谓语动词时间.试比较:

  Seeing nobody in the classroom,he turned off the light and went out.

  Heated to a high temperature,water will change into steam.

  We are studying hard to serve the people well in the future.

  B.功能上的不同:不定式主要作目的、结果状语.表示目的一般用“in or-der to do sth.”或“so as to do sth.”,但“so as to do sth.”不能位于句首.表示结果常用于only之后(动词常常是find,see等)或用于...enough to do sth.:too...to;s o...as to...等结构中,而分词则可作时间、条件、原因、伴随性状语.

  eg.I get up early to catch the school bus.(表示目的)

  He went into the room only to find his mother lying on the ground dead.(表示结果)

  Hearing the news,he burst into tears. (表示时间)

  Made of glass,the necklace cost only four hundred francs.(表示原因)

  He stood there,talking.(表示伴随)

  Given more attention,the tree will grow better.(表示条件)

  2.及物动词的不定式作定语值得注意的一个问题:这个动词的逻辑宾语是不定式所修饰的名词.

  eg.I have a book to read.(read的逻辑宾语是book)

  3.作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词,而不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等,不定式后要有相应的介词.

  eg.He is looking for a room to live in.他正在找住的地方.

  讨论难点

  1.offer,provide,supply,give

  offer(提供,奉献)指主动给予某人以帮助、服务或所需要的东西.至于是否接受,对方可以自己决定.

  eg.Whenever anybody was in trouble,he would be the first to offer his help.

  无论何时,只要有人遇到困难他总是第一个给予帮助的人.provide(提供,供给)多指免费供给.

  She provided the beggar with food.她赐给乞丐食物.

  supply(供应,提供)指供给必要的或不足的,一般来讲须付款.

  The factory supplies us with a lot of tools.这个工厂提供给我们许多工具.

  give(给,供给)含义广泛.动作的主体与客体均可为人或物.

  He gave me a book./He gave a book to me.他给我一本书.

  2.at sea,in the sea,on the sea,by sea

  at sea译为“在海上”“在航海中”或“茫然不知所措”;in the sea译为“在海里”;on the sea译为“在海面上”“在海岸边”;by sea译为“乘船”.

  eg.When he woke up,the ship was at sea.

  当他醒来时,他发现船在海上了.

  Dare you swim in the sea?你敢在海里游泳吗?

  The city is on the sea.这个城市在海边.

  We are planning to go to my hometown by sea.我们打算乘船回家乡.

  核心知识

  1.掌握表示焦虑和惊奇的常见句型

  What’ s wrong?怎么了?

  What’s up?怎么了?

  What has happened to her?她怎么了?

  What’s the matter/the trouble with you?你怎么了?

  Is there anything the matter with you?你是不是哪里不舒服?

  I’m worried/ anxious about我为……而担忧.Really?真的吗?

  Oh dear! / My God! /My Goodness!天哪!

  Wonderful! / Great! / Remarkable!真了不起!

  It’s a wonder / miracle!真是个奇迹!

  2.词组和句型学习

  ①He had many merchant ships which traded with other countries.

  他有许多商船

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