您正在看的高中三年级是:The Merchant of Venice。 同别的国家做生意.

　　动词短语trade with做“同……贸易”“同……做生意”解.

　　eg.We refused to trade with that company for some reason.

　　我们因为某个原因拒绝同那个公司做生意.

　　②At the time of this story，they were all at sea.

　　在这个故事发生的时候，他的商船都出海了.

　　(be)at sea作“在海洋中，在海上航行”解.

　　eg.I have never been on a ship at sea.我从来没有坐过海船.

　　③The reason for this was that Antonio had many times scolded Shylock publicly for being greedy and cruel.

　　其原因是安东尼奥曾多次当众斥骂夏洛克贪婪和残忍.

　　A：The reason for this was that中的that引导的是表语从句，表示原因.

　　eg.The reason for his being late was that he missed the first bus.

　　他迟到的原因是他错过了早班车.

　　B：scold sb.for...意思是“因为某事责骂/责备某人”.“for”做“因为，由于”解，不仅可接动名词，还可接名词或从句作宾语.

　　eg.Mother scolded me for coming home late.母亲责备我回家迟了.

　　He could not speak for sorrow.他由于悲痛而说不出话来.

　　Mary thanks to you for what you have told me.

　　非常感谢你所告诉我的一切.

　　④ However，Shylock agreed to lend Antonio the money on one condition.In the agreement，Antonio made a promise to allow Shylock to take a pound of his flesh from whatever part of his body if he did not pay the money back at the end of three months.然而，夏洛克还是同意借钱给安东尼奥，但是有一个条件.在借约中，安东尼奥许诺如果在三个月期满时偿还不了这笔钱，就允许夏洛克从他身上任何部位割走一磅肉.

　　A：on one condition做“只有在……条件下”解.此词组也可用on condition that来代替.

　　eg.You may borrow the book on condition that you do not lend it to an yon e else.你可借这本书，条件是不准转借给任何人.

　　B： make a promise译为“承诺，答应”.后接做同位语的不定式或that从句.

　　eg.He made a promise to study hard/that he would study hard，but he failed to keep his promise.他承诺好好学习，但他没有履行诺言.

　　C：句中的whatever是形容词，意思同any，用以加强语气.Whatever也可作连接代词.

　　eg.You may take whatever you like.你可以随意带走你喜欢的东西.

　　⑤Have mercy on Antonio，Shylock.Do not be so bitter.

　　夏洛克，宽恕安东尼奥吧.不要这样怀恨在心了.

　　have mercy on/upon sb.做“宽恕(怜悯)某人”解，也可以说“show mercy on/upon sb.”.

　　eg.Don’t show mercy on the enemy.不要宽恕敌人.

　　⑥It is useless trying to argue with Shylock.

　　试图跟夏洛克讲道理是没有用的.

　　在这个句型中it是形式主语，后面的动名词或动名词短语是真正的主语.

　　能以动名词作主语的这类句子比较少，主要用在以no good，no use，use-less，good waste等词作表语的句子中.

　　It’s a waste of time your talking to him.你和他谈话是白浪费时间.动名词作主语有时也用在there be的否定结构中.

　　eg.There is no use talking about it.= It’ s no use talking about it.

　　谈论那件事是没有用的.

　　⑦Pass judgement on me and give Shylock what he wants.

　　对我宣判吧.把夏洛克要的东西给他.

　　pass judgement on/upon sb.作“对某人判决/审判”解.

　　eg.History will pass judgement on his death.历史会对他的死作出判决.

　　⑧If you offered me six times what you have just offered，I would still take pound of flesh.

　　即使你愿意给我六倍于你刚才提出的钱数，我仍然要拿我应得到的那一磅肉.

　　times在此表示三倍以上的倍数.用times表示“甲是乙的几倍大(长、高，宽等)”“甲比乙大(长、高、宽等)几倍”，可用下列句型.

　　A.A is four times the size(length，height，width...) of B.即：...times+名词(如：the length，the amount等)

　　This street is four times the length of that one.这条街是那条街的四倍长.这条街比那条街长三倍)

　　B.A is four times as big (long，high，wide) as B.即：...times+as+(原级)+ as...Asia is four times as large as Europe.亚洲是欧洲的四倍大.(亚洲比欧洲大三倍)

　　C.A is four times bigger(longer，higher...)than B.即：...times+adj./adv.比较级+than...

　　Give me three times more than he borrowed from me.

　　加三倍还他借我的钱吧.

　　D.注意times做“倍数”讲时，只限于用于三倍或三倍以上的倍数，三倍以下通常用double或twice来表示两倍.

　　eg.His weight is double what it was ten years ago.他的体重是十年前的两倍.

　　⑨...but I never knew so young a body with so wise a head...

　　(但是)我从来不知道有这么年青又这么聪明的人.

　　so和such都可以表示程度，有“这样”“如此”的意思.但是such形容词，so是副词，它俩在句中的位置不同.

　　eg.I have never seen so good a film.

　　such a good film.我从未见过这样好的电影.

　　⑩Please change the law a little so that we may save Antonio.

　　请将法律稍微变通一下，好让我们救安东尼奥.

　　so that在此引导目的状语从句.从句中常含有can，could，may，might等情态动词.它还可引导结果状语从句.这种从句总是放在主句的后面，从句一般不用情态动词，主句与从句之间常加逗号.

　　eg.He read the text loudly so that the teacher might hear him.

　　他大声朗读课文，为的是能让老师听清楚.

　　John was ill，so that he didn’t come to class.约翰病了，他没来上学.

　　典型例题

　　剖示考点

　　NMET2000·31

　　——How are you today?

　　——Oh，I ___________as ill as I do now for a long time.

　　A.didn’t feel B.wasn’t feel C.don’t feel D.haven’t felt

　　正确答案是D.解答这道题时，一要考虑到问句是现然时，那么答语也应该是现在时.二要知道现在完成时兼跨过去时和现在时两个时态，现在时是它的外壳，过去时是它的实体.考虑到这两方面，答案就清楚了.

　　NMET 1997

　　It was about 600 years ago _______ the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made.

　　A.that B.until C.before D.when

　　1.此句是强调句的用法，强调物是时间短语about 600 years ago

　　2.强调句的构成为：It is/was+强调物+that从句

　　3.强调句是单项填空常考试题

　　正确答案A.

　　NMET 1995

　　eg.It was not until 1920 _______________regular radio broadcasts began.

　　A.while B.when C.that D.since

　　正确答案C.

　　NMET 1992

　　It was not __________ she took off her dark glasses __________ realized she was a famous film star.

　　A.when;that B.until;that