本章教学目标
1. 学会询问某人的身份、职业等交际用语;
2. 掌握名词性从句作主语、表语和宾语;
3. 阅读理解有关人物使记的文章;
4. 根据课文,练习写作人物生平的总结。
重点难点突破
【对话】
1.Four American students are comparing notes on famous people.
四个学生在谈论著名的科学家。
compare notes on sth./with sb.交换意见;谈论;对笔记
·There are a few things we might compare notes on. 有些事情我们得交换一下意见。
归纳:compare sth.with sth.,把……与……相比较,compare sth.to sth.把……比作……,comparedto/with 和……比起来(做状语)
2.I′m doing a word puzzle in this newspaper. 我在猜报纸上的字谜游戏。
(1)puzzle名词,“难题、谜”,用作单数时,作“迷惑、困惑”解释。
·He is in a puzzle about the matter.他对这件事大惑不解。
·It is a puzzle to me how he could come here.他如何能到这来,对我来说是个难解的问题。
(2)do a word puzzle=do a puzzle in words=do word puzzles 猜字谜,fitthepuzzle对上了字谜,find outthe puzzle猜出谜底。
(3)puzzle动词,意为“使……迷惑”、“使……为难”。
·Puzzled by his puzzling problem,I didn't know how to answer,so therewas a puzzled eXPression on my face.他的迷惑不解的问题难住了我,我不知怎样回答,所以脸上有一种迷惑不解的表情。
搭配:puzzle one's brains about/over sth.为某事大伤脑筋/绞尽脑汁,puzzle out思索而得,puzzle over苦思
【课文】
1.By the time he was fourteen years old,he had learned maths byhimself到十四岁时,他已经自学了数学。
by the time是个连词,意为“到……时候”,指不迟于某时,或甚至于在某时以前(已经完成的动作)。注意主从句的时态。
·By the time he woke up,he found the others had already set out.当他醒来后,他发现其他的人早已出发了。
·We shall have left by the time you come back here.当你回来时,我们已经离开了。
·Breakfast will be ready by the time you have dressed.等到你穿好衣服时,早餐就会准备好了。
注意:by表示时间,不迟于……, 到……为止。当by后接将来时间时,句子时态用一般将来时或将来完成时;当by后接现在时间时,句子时态用现在完成时态;当by后接过去时间时,句子时态用过去完成时。
2.He found it hard to get along with the otherboys.他发现很难与其他的孩子相处。
如果宾语有自己的补语时,常常先用“it”作形式宾语代替它,而把用作宾语的动词不定式或that从句放到后面。
·He found it better that he should get up early in the morning.他觉得早上早点起床要好些。
必背:带有形式宾语的常见动词有:consider、believe、feel.make、find、know、resard等。
切记;it不能代替what从句。
3.be contentto do sth.愿意、乐意做某事
·She seems well content to sit in front of TV set all night.她似乎很乐意整晚都座在电视机前。
be content with +n./pron.感到满足、安心
·My father had to be content with this small success.我父亲只好满足于这次小小的成功。
content oneself/sb.with使自己/某人满足于
·We should never content ourselves with book knowledge.我们切不可仅满足于一点书本知识。
4.go on with/go on doing/go on to do
(1)go on with后面必须接名词作宾语
(2)go on doing继续或不断地做同一件事
(3)go on to do是指做完一件事以后转而去做其他事
5....which/ed to his new discoveries in physics.这导致了他物理学方面的新发现。
(1)leadto导致;引起:造成。to为介词,其后跟名词、代词、-ing形式。
·Too much work and too little rest often leads to illness.过量工作和休息不足经常引起疾病。
·This kind of test is bad because it leads to incorrect learning.这种测试很糟糕,因为它导致不正确的学习(方法)。
(2)lead to/lead sb.to some place通向;领着某人去,带领
·All roads lead to Rome.条条大路通罗马。
·This road willlead you to the hospital.走这条路,你会到医院的。
注意:lead作“带领、引导”解释时不能跟不定式的复合结构,只能跟一个介词短语。如:他领那位盲人过街。应说成:He ledthe blind across the street.而不是:He led the blind to walk across the street.
6.Such was Albert Einstein.这就是爱因斯坦。
此句为倒装句,句中的such是代词,意思是“这”或“这些”,在句首指代上文所说的情况,注意本句型是倒装句以及谓语动词的单复数。
·Such are the results we have got.这些就是我们取得的成果。
7. But Einstein was able to prove that light...
(1)prove vt.“证明:证实;验证”,其后跟名词、代词、从句和复合结构。
·One mad action is not enough to prove a man mad.一件疯事并不足以证明一个人是疯子。
·They will prove that we are telling the truth.他们可以证明我们讲的都是事实。
·It has been proved that failure is the mother of success.事实证明失败是成功之母。
(2)prove连系动词,“证明,结果是”,后跟形容词、副词、介词短语、名词或to be。
·His efforts proved(to be)a failure.他的努力结果证明是失败的。
·The book has proved of great help to us...这本书证明对我们是很有用的。
8.aPPear“好像”
(1)appear后接形容词、名词时可加to be;appear后还可接不定式的各种形式。
·He appeared(tobe)rich.他显得很富。(冒充富)
·He appearedtohave heard ofthe news.他好像听说了这个消息。
(2)appear可用于形式主语it的句型中,后接that从句。
·It appeared(to me)that she would probably never walk.看来她永远不能够行走了。
(3)appear可用于there为引导词的句型结构中。
·There appeared to be only one room.好像就一个房间。
9.He worked out just how much the light would be bent.
(1)算出,解(题)(getthe result for)
·He said he could work this puzzle out,but he didn't.他说他能解出这道难题,但他并没解出来。
(2)作出,制订出,解出。常可译作:理解,弄懂;看出。
Albert Einstein