您正在看的高中二年级是:A tale of two cities。

　　本章教学目标

　　(1)提高交际能力，掌握表示对过去事物的推测的日常用语;

　　(2)学会使用本单元重点单词、词组和句型;

　　(3)学会动词-ing形式作定语和状语的用法，提高语言运用能力。

　　重点难点突破

　　【对话】

　　1.The guards couldn't have been watching very carefully.卫兵不可能一直进行严密地监视。

　　(1)couldn't have been watching是由could(can)+not +have +done构成，表示对过去发生的动作的否定推测。例如：

　　·He can't(couldn't)have watched TV yesterday for he knew he would have an exam.昨天他不可能看电视，因为他知道快要考试了。

　　情态动词的完成结构可归纳如下：

　　(2) must +have +done表示说话人对过去已经完成的动作或状态合乎情理的逻辑推断，是显然或必然的结论，或确有把握的推测。例如：

　　·It was wet on the road. It must have rained last night.路上很湿。昨天晚上一定下雨了。

　　(3)can +have +done表示过去的一种确定无疑的可能性，多用于疑问句和否定句。例如：

　　·——Where can John have put the matches?约翰把火柴放哪了?

　　·——He can't have thrown them away.他不可能把他扔掉的。

　　(4) could +have +done表示本有可能完成的动作，但是由某种原因而未完成。例如：

　　·You could have been more careful.你本能够更细心些的(事实上并不细心)。

　　(5)might/may +have +done表示说话人对过去可能已发生的动作或存在的状态的一种怀疑或推测。例如：

　　·He seems to know the city quite well. He may/might have been there before.他似乎对那个城市很熟悉。他以前可能去过那里。

　　(6) should/ought to +have +done表示过去应当做的事情，但是并没有做到，常常带有一种后悔、埋怨或责备的口气。ought to比should的口气更强。例如：

　　·I should have told you my telephone number.我本应该把我的电话告诉你。

　　·You oughtn't to/shouldn't have laughed at his mistake.你不该取笑他的错误。

　　(7)needn't +have +done表示过去不必干或不需做却做了的事

　　·You needn't have woken me up;I don't have to work today.你本来不必叫醒我，今天我可以不去上班。

　　2.So it was easy to stay hidden.容易躲藏。

　　hidden是过去分词，作stay的表语。例如：

　　·The little boy was hidden behind the door, eating the cake.(=He hid himself behind the door，eating the cake)这小男孩躲在门后吃蛋糕。

　　·Hidden in the forests，the thief couldn't be found easily.小偷藏在树林里，所以很难找到。

　　·I'm sure that the murderer must be hidden on the mountain.我确信凶手一定藏在山上。

　　【课文】

　　1.One day he had been called out to attend a young peasant and his sister.有一天请他出诊，给一个年轻的农民和他的姐姐看病。

　　(1)句中的attend作“治疗/看护”(look after ,give medical care to)。

　　例如：

　　·In his last illness he was attended by Dr.Carson.他上次生病时是由卡尔医生治疗的。

　　·The patient has three nurses and doctors attending him.这位病人有三个护士和医生照顾。

　　(2)attend to意为“注意”、“用心”。而attend on/upon译为“伺候，照看”。

　　·He was so ill that two nurses attended on him.他病得那样重，有两个护士照顾他。

　　·Tom，could you attend to the customers，please?汤姆，照应一下顾客，好吗?

　　·You must attend carefully to these pieces of advice.你必须认真倾听这些忠告。

　　2.fortune作名词。

　　(1)fortune作名词。可数名词或不可数名词“机会，运气，命运，成功，巨富”。

　　短语:

　　be in good fortune 运气好 have fortune on one's side 走红运

　　a man of fortune 富人 make one's fortune 发财,致富

　　try one's fortune 碰运气 tell sb.his fortune为某人算命、看相

　　(2)fortunate作形容词“幸运的，运气好的，吉利的，带来好运的”。

　　·You were fortunate to escape being injured.你没有受伤，真幸运。

　　·He was fortunate enough to have a good income.他很幸运，有一笔好收入。

　　3.The peasants had to pay heavy taxes and suffered greatly from hunger.农民们要负担重税，还要忍饥挨饿。

　　(1)suffer from“受痛苦、受折磨、受损失”。例如：

　　·I'm sure you have suffered from overwork.你肯定是劳累过度了。

　　·For much of the time he suffered from bad health.在大部分时间里，他的身体都不好。

　　·The old man is suffering from loss of memory.这老人苦于丧失了记忆力。

　　(2)另suffer作及物动词时，其宾语常是pain，loss，defeat，punishment，hardship，injustice，discouragement等。

　　·He suffered great pain/heavy loss.他受到痛苦煎熬/很大损失。

　　4.Come to达到，发生，合计，苏醒，归结为。

　　·In a moment she carne to (herself).过了一会，她突然苏醒过来。

　　·He thought it over, but could come to no conclusion.他认真考虑过，但没有得出结论。

　　·This new term has come to end.这学期结束了。

　　·Their scheme came to nothing.他们的计划落空了。

　　·His earnings come to$6000 a year.他年收入为六千美元。

　　5.On reading it，he found that a servant of the family in France had been putin prison，through no fault of his own 。 看了信，他得知他法国家中的一个仆人被无辜地关进了监狱。

　　·On hearing the news，he burst into tears.(As soon as he heard the news，he...)一听到这消息，他就哭了。

　　·On his arrival in Paris，he was arrested.( As soon as he arrived in Paris，he was...)一到巴黎他就被捕了。

　　on+(V+ing)表示“一……就”，类似的表达法还有：as soon as, the moment ,immediately, no sooner...than, hardly...than, hardly...when, directly等。

　　·On arriving there，they set about doing the eXPeriment.一到那儿他们便开始做实验了。

　　=The moment they got there，they set about the...=Immediately they got there，they set about...=No sooner had they got th