您正在看的高中三年级是:Captain Cook。 XPedition will map the South Pole.

　　He mapped out his holiday well ahead.

　　He has mapped out what he will do.

　　Tom is mapping out what we should do.

　　7， at sea

　　at sea在文中是"在海上，在航海"，含有"离海岸很远"之意。例如：

　　This is my first voyage at sea. 这是我第一次出海航行。

　　The ship was hit by a hurricane and some sailors were buried at sea.

　　这艘船在海上遇到飓风，一些水手葬身海底。

　　注：

　　1)at sea除作上述解释外，还可引申为"不知所措、茫然"，这时常与all，completely等副词连用。例如：

　　We are all at sea as to what to do next.

　　我们全然不知下一步该做什么。

　　He was completely at sea when he began his new job.

　　他刚开始干他的新工作时，他完全不知怎样做才好。

　　I can't understand this problem. I'm all at sea.

　　我不懂这个问题，我完全摸不着头脑。

　　When it comes to mathematics, I'm completely at sea.

　　至于说到数学，我简直一窍不通。

　　2)在英语中，有许多结构用与不用定冠词在意思方面有着很大的区别。

　　在英语中，有许多结构用与不用定冠词在意思方面有着很大的区别。

　　8，keep sb. healthy 使…保持健康

　　keep, n. "使维持(某种状态)"，后可接adj. (v-ing, p. p, adv)等作宾补。

　　eg. I was so tired that I could hardly keep myself awake.

　　I'm sorry to have kept you waiting so long.

　　Keep your mouth shut and your eyes open.

　　They kept us out.

　　Once a cold kept him in bed for three days.

　　9，break out (战争、火灾、疾病、瘟役等的)爆发

　　eg. The American Civil War broke out in 1861.

　　Fire broke out in the neighbour last night.

　　break的短语还有：

　　break out in (into) . . . 忽然(做出)……

　　break out in laughter 突然放声大笑

　　break in(强盗等)强行闯入

　　break into 闯入;打碎(打破)成……

　　break up 分开，分割

　　10，take . . . by surprise 对……突然袭击，出乎……意料。如：

　　I took him by surprise and he had no time to think of an excuse.

　　我(的询问)使他出乎意料，他没有时间想出借口。

　　She was so taken by surprise at his rudeness that she burst into tears.

　　她对他的粗鲁行为毫无思想准备，以至突然哭了起来。

　　The enemy took the town by surprise. 敌军对该城实行突然攻击。

　　【语法-V-ing】

　　1.动词-ing形式作主语，往往表示事物化、抽象化的概念，而动词不定式作主语强调具体动作。如：

　　Seeing is believing. (=To see is to believe.)眼见为实。

　　下列情况用动词-ing形式作主语，通常不用动词不定式作主语。

　　1)在It + be + no use/no good/useless +动词-ing形式句型中(此时也可用动词不定式作真正主语)。如：

　　It's no use crying over the spilt milk.牛奶已泼，哭也无益。

　　2)在There + be + no +动词-ing形式句型中。如：

　　There is no joking about such matter. 这种事情不能开玩笑。

　　3)在一般疑问句中用动词-ing形式而不用动词不定式作主语。如：

　　Can playing music records make cows give more milk?

　　放音乐磁带会使母牛多产乳吗?

　　2.动词-ing形式作表语，有的和主语表示同一概念，可以和主语互换;有的表示主语的事物的特征，不可和主语互换。如：

　　One of the good exercises is climbing mountains. 登山是一种很好的锻炼。

　　(句中主语和表语表示同一概念，可以改成：Climbing mountains is one of the good exercises.)

　　The colour is pleasing to the eyes.颜色悦目。(表语表示主语的事物的特征，相当于形容词，不可和主语互换)

　　3.动词-ing形式作宾语。某些及物动词后一般不能接动词不定式作宾语，只能接动词-ing形式作宾语。它们是：

　　avoid(避免)，advise(劝告)，admit(承认)，consider(考虑)，dislike(讨厌)，escape(逃避)，enjoy(喜爱)，finish(结束)，mind(反对，介意)，miss(错过)，risk(冒险)，suggest(建议)，practise(练习)，excuse(原谅)，imagine(想像)，keep(继续不断)，以及短语can't help(不禁，忍不住)，put off(推迟)，keep on(继续，坚持)，give up(放弃，不再做)，be worth(值得)等。如：

　　Would you mind passing me the salt?请你把盐递给我好吗?

　　He admitted stealing the necklace the day before and said he was sorry.

　　他承认前天偷了项链，说他很抱歉。

　　On hearing the joke we couldn't help laughing.

　　一听到这笑话我们不禁笑了起来。

　　注：

　　★某些动词如begin, start, continue等后既可用动词不定式作宾语，也可用动词-ing形式作宾语，意思区别不大。如：

　　They continued working/to work as if nothing had happened.

　　他们继续工作，似乎什么也没发生。

　　★某些动词如like, love, prefer, hate等后接动词-ing形式作宾语指经常性的情况，用动词不定式作宾语指具体的动作。如：

　　Though his income is small, he loves buying/to buy books.

　　虽然他收入不高，却爱买书。

　　I'd like to have something to eat. 我想吃点东西。(would/should like后只能接动词不定式作宾语，不能接动词-ing形式，因为想做的是一次性的具体动作。)

　　He preferred staying in the house when it rained.天下雨时他宁愿待在屋里。(用动词-ing形式作宾语，指每逢天下雨留在家里的经常情况)

　　I prefer to stay at home this afternoon. 今天下午我宁可留在家里(用动词不定式作宾语，指今天下午留在家里一时的，具体的动作。)

　　★某些动词，如 remember, forget, try, stop, regret, go on等后接动词-ing形式或动词不定式作宾语，意义不同。如：

　　I remember locking the door.(=I remember that I locked the door. remember +doing sth. 意为记得自己曾做过某事)我记得曾锁过门。

　　I will remember to lock the door.(=I will not forget to lock the door. remember to do sth. 意为记住要做某事，此事还没有做)我会记住锁门的。

　　Stop talking, please. I've something important to tell you. 请不要讲话。我有要事相告。(stop doing指停止做某事，不再做某事)

　　When he felt tired, he stopped to take a rest. 他感到疲劳时就停下来休息。(stop to do sth.意为停下来或中断原来动作以便做另外某事)

　　I tried rubbing my sore arm, and I felt better. 我试了试按摩酸痛的胳臂