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Social and personal
您正在看的高中三年级是:Social and personal。

  【知识点】

  Ⅰ. 单词和词组

  四会:preparation , affect , show sb around , so long as ,

  三会:have a gift for , easy-going , fun-loving , tourism , workmate

  Ⅱ. 交际英语

  Apologies , regrets and responses

  1. I'm sorry …

  2. I apologize …

  3. Please excuse me …

  4. I'm afraid …

  5. I shouldn't …

  6. I ought to do …

  7. What a shame !

  8. That's nothing . / Never mind . / It's not important . / It doesn't matter .

  / That's all right . / That's OK .

  9. Don't worry .

  10. Forget it .

  Ⅲ. 语法学习

  复习被动语态的用法。注意现在完成时、现在进行时、一般过去时、一般将来时的被动语态。

  【单元词汇总结】

  1. take a part-time job 兼职

  take a full-time job 全职

  2. be on one's / the way to a lecture在去听报告的途中

  注意:on one's / the way to doing即将

  He is on the way to becoming a doctor .

  3. ask sb for directions = ask sb the way问路

  4. go in the direction of朝……方向去,如:

  I saw her go in the direction of the bus stop .

  5. have a gift for在……方面有天赋

  As far as I know , she has a gift for music .

  6. make … lively and interesting

  You are supposed to make your speech lively and interesting , which is of great

  importance .

  7. at lunchtime在中饭时

  注意类似词组:at dawn在黎明时,at supper在吃晚饭时,at work在上班,等。

  8. start one's own business开始经营自己的行业

  9. offer guide services to tourists向游客们提供导游服务

  10. lead / live an active life积极地生活。如:

  To my great disappointment , he didn't lead an active life .

  11. in a difficult position = in trouble碰到麻烦

  12. have nothing to lose不会有任何情况

  13. catch sb stealing当场抓住某人偷东西。如:

  Later , the salesgirl was caught stealing the goods .

  14. in my personal opinion在我个人看来

  15. play a trick on作弄某人。如:

  It's impolite for them to play tricks on the foreigners .

  16. call in the police叫来警察

  17. turn out better结果会更好些

  18. set up a company建立一个公司 19. warn sb about / of sth提醒某人当心…… 。warn sb against sth = warn sb not to do sth 。

  20. in the course of 在……期间

  He fell sick in the course of the discussion .

  21. write a reply to sb = write a letter of reply to sb给某人回信

  22. have a great / happy weekend= have a good time at weekend过个非常愉快的周末

  【词语辨析】

  1. 辨析example与instance:

  这两个词都表示例子。example例子,实例,普通用语,主要指在同类事物中具有代表性、典型性的例子,能简明扼要地说明问题。example在教学中用得相当多,如:in the following example.在下例中/in the above example在上例中/Further examples are needed.需要进一步举例说明。instance例子,事例,实例,与example 极为接近,常可以交换使用。但instance多指事实,诸如过去的某事件或例外的事实等,不像example那样强调代表性、典型性。没有通例的意思,只是举出一孤立事实说明问题。for instance也是常用语,仅指举例说明,for example却是从诸多事物中选出一例,说明一般。如:I can't think of an instance when mother was unfair.我想不出一件事例能说明母亲不公平。

  2. 辨析hard与hardly:

  这一对词语在词义差异甚大。hard 是常用语,含义较多,在句子中可充当形容词或副词。注意hard在下列句子中的词性及含义:This material is so hard that it can be used for cutting steel.这种材料很硬,可以用来削切钢材。(形容词:硬的)/Though he finished his work, yet he found it hard.他虽完成了工作,但觉得很难。(形容词:困难的)/This problem demands a lot of hard thinking. 这个问题可伤脑筋了。(形容词:努力的)/The chemist tried very hard to make his analysis accurate.那化学家设法使他的分析准确。(副词:努力地)/It was a winter night. It was raining hard.那是个冬天的夜晚,雨下得很大。(副词:猛烈地)/hardly 简直没法(不能),几乎不,副词。scarcely和barely是它的同义词。例:It is hardly possible that such a thing could have happened.发生这样的事不太可能。hardly也作刚刚,恰好解。例:He had hardly gone out when he was called back.他刚走出门就被叫了回来。

  【语法-被动语态】

  一、被动语态的基本用法

  当谓语表示一个动作时,主语和它可以有两种不同 关系;主动关系或被动关系。

  在表示主动关系时(即主语为动作的执行者时),谓语的形式称为主动语态(the Active Voice)。在表示被动 关系时(即主语为动作的承受者时),谓语要用另一种形 式,称为被动语态(the Passive Voice)。在被动结构的句 子中,动作执行者可以由介词by引起的短语表示。

  1.被动语态的构成

  被动语态由助动词be加过去分词构成,时态通过 be表现出来。

  1)一般现在时

  You're wanted on the phone.有人给你打电话。

  2)一般过去时

  The book was finished last week. 这书是上周写完 的。

  3)一般将来时

  You'll be allowed to go out tomorrow. 明天让你出去。

  4)现在进行时和过去进行时

  The building is being built. 这幢楼正在建设之中。

  The bikes were being repaired. 那时正在修自行车。

  5)现在完成时和过去完成时

  This book has been translated into English. 这本 书已被译成英语。

  The car had been repaired. 这时汽车已修完了。

  2.被动语态主要的用法

  1)我们不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁(这时 都不带由by引起的短语)。

  The book is written for teachers. 这种书是为教师写的。

  2)动作的承受者是谈话的中心(这时可带有by引起的短语)。

  The shop is run by a young man.这家商店是由一个年轻人经营的。

  3)出于礼貌措辞等方面的考虑不愿说出动作的执行者 是谁。

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