英语教案《The find of the century》 - 教学教案

　　2.One moment we were walking along the top of a hill and now we could see no more than about thirty metres ahead of us. 刚才我们还在山顶上行走，而现在30公尺开外的地方就看不清了。

　　One moment…, and now…结构，意思是"刚才……，现在却又……。"这里的one moment相当于just a moment ago的意思。例如：

　　One moment she was reading and now she fell asleep.

　　刚才她还在看书的，现在却睡着了。

　　3.We had lost the path and had no hope of finding it again. 我们找不到那条小路，而且也没有希望再找到了。

　　hope可以作不可数名词，后面常可跟of引起的介词短语(hope of + n. /-ing)，如本句中的hope of后跟-ing形式短语。例如：

　　He gave up all hope of success. 他不再抱成功的希望了。

　　They have not much hope of winning the game. 他们对于赢得这场比赛没抱多大希望。

　　4.Then the grass turned to bushes and the hillside became steeper.

　　接着，野草变成了矮树丛，山坡也变陡了。

　　句中的 turn to作"变成"(become)解，后跟名词。例如：

　　Ice turns to water if the temperature goes up. 如果温度上升，冰就变成水。

　　It was getting colder, and the rain turned to snow. 天气越来越冷，下雨变成了落雪。

　　turn to除了作"变成"解外，还可以作"(把书页)翻到"、"转向"、"求助于"解。例如：

　　Please turn to page 128 for the key to the exercises. 请翻到第128页找练习答案。

　　You'd better turn to your audience when you're speaking. 你说话的时候，最好是面对听众。

　　They always turn to me when they are in trouble.他们有困难的时候，总是来找我帮助。

　　5."We can make a fire and warm ourselves.""我们可以生个火来暖暖身子。"

　　make a fire生火，把火生起来。例如：

　　I feel very cold. Please make a fire. 我感觉很冷，请把火生起来吧。

　　6.I always carry matches with me at such times and I tore out the pages of the first chapter of the book I was reading to get the fire going. 在这样的时候我总是带着火柴的。我把我正在读的书的第一章那几页撕下，使火烧起来。

　　1)tear out撕下，扯下，拔出(= remove sth. roughly by pulling)。例如：

　　He wrote quickly the address down in his notebook, tore the page out, and handed it to me.他在笔记本上匆匆地写下地址，撕下那一页来交给了我。

　　The telephone wires have been torn out, so we can't call the police. 电话线被拔掉了，所以我们不能报警。

　　2) get (sth.) going的意思是"使(某物)开始活跃"或"使(某物)开始工作"(cause sth. to be active, working, etc.)。例如：

　　It's difficult to get the car going on cold mornings. 冷天的早晨很难把汽车发动起来。

　　Can you get the clock going again? It's stopped for a week. 你能使这钟重新走动吗?它停了一周了。

　　7."I think someone has been carving animals.""我看是有人一直在这儿雕刻动物哩。"

　　本句中宾语从语的谓语动词用了现在完成进行时态"has been carving"。这个时态由"have/has been+-ing形式"构成，它表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在的动作。这一动作可能刚刚结束，也可能仍在继续，并可能延续到将来。例如：

　　How long have you been waiting here?----I've been waiting here for about half an hour.你在这儿等多久了?-我在这儿大概等了半个小时。(等的动作从半个小时前开始，现在刚刚结束。)

　　I've been sitting here for an hour.(I sat down here an hour ago, and I'm still sitting here.)我在这儿坐了一小时了。(一小时前我坐在这儿，现在仍在坐着)。

　　She has been studying English since she came to this school. (She began to study English when she came to this school.　 She's still studying English now and will go on studying English.)她从进校以来一直在学习英语。(从进校开始学英语，现在仍在学，而且将继续学下去。)

　　请比较下列各句，注意现在完成时态和现在完成进行时态在时间概念上的区别：

　　I've written an article. 我写好了一篇文章。(现在已经写完了)

　　I've been writing an article. 我一直在写一篇文章。(现在还在写)

　　He has repaired my bike. 他把我的自行车修好了。(现在已经修好了)

　　He has been repairing my bike this afternoon. 今天下午他一直在修我的自行车。(现在还在修)

　　由此可见，现在完成时强调"动作已完成"，而现在完成进行时强调"动作仍在进行"。

　　但是少数动词(如live，study，teach，work等)用现在完成时和现在完成进行时的意思是差不多的。例如：

　　How long have you studied/been studying here? 你在这儿学习多久了?

　　He has lived/ been living there for ten years. 他在那儿住了十年了。

　　8.I went further back into the cave and stopped still. 我再往岩洞里边走去，然后站住不动了。

　　still是形容词，意思是"原地不动"。still的此种用法多与stay/ stand/ sit/ lie连用，构成系表结构。例如：

　　They pushed and pushed, but the truck stood still. 他们推呀推呀，而卡车却一动也不动。