▲ have got to do sth.相当于 have to do sth.意为“不得不,必须”,当我们谈论一件我们有义务去做的事时,用Have got to do sth.,在口语中更为常见。例:
Sorry,I’ve got to go now.很抱歉,我得走了。
“I've got to go”“Oh,do you?”“得走了”“啊,是吗?”
You’ve just got to help me.你一定得给我帮助。
▲left的用法:left意为“剩下的,没有用完的,依然存在的”,一般用在名词或复合不定代词后,常见于 there+be的句型结构中。例:
There are two pieces of bread left, if you are hungry.你要是饿了,那里还有两块面包。
There’s nothing left in the fridge.冰箱里没剩下什么东西。
I haven’t got any money left.我没有剩下什么钱了。
After the fire,only two people were left alive.大火之后,只有两个人活着。
There is not anything left in the room.屋里什么也没剩下。
5.That’s quite true.We’ve got to think of ways changing people’s habits. Well,what else did you hear about at the meeting?对。我们得想办法改变人们的习惯。在会议上你还听到了什么?
▲再说else 的用法,else用在 anybody, everything, somewhere和其他所有由 any-,every-,some-,no-,开始及由-body,-one,-thing,-where,结尾的词后。在正式文体中,all后也可用 else。例:
Nobody else understands me as well as you do.别人没有一个像你这麽了解我的。
It’s too crowded here,let’s go somewhere else.这儿太拥挤了,咱们到别的地方去吧。
Would you like anything else to drink?你还要喝点别的什么吗?
When all else fails, pray.当一切别的都不行时,祈祷吧。
▲ Else的所有格形式是 else’s
You will have to borrow someone else’s car.I’m using mine你得另借别人的汽车。我的汽车我还要用呢。
▲ else 除用于上述词外,还可以用在疑问词后,但一般不用于which和when之后。例:
Who else ordered beer?还有谁要了啤酒?
Where else did you go besides Qingdao?除了青岛,你还去了什么地方?
▲else还可以与little和(not) much连用。例:
Little else is known about this man’s life.关于此人的生平,别的就知道得很少了。
There isn’t much else to do now except wait.现在除了等待以外,也没有什么其他的办法了。
▲ or else“否则的话,要不就是”
The book must be here,or else you’ve lost it.这本书肯定在这儿,要不就是你弄丢了。
He must be joking,or else he’s mad.他肯定是在开玩笑,要不就是疯了。
Dress warmly,or else you’ll catch cold.穿暖和一些,否则会感冒的。
【注】or else可用于句未,表示威胁。例:
You must go there quickly or else you will not be back in time.你得赶快到那里去,否则就不能及时回家。
You’d better stop hitting my brother, or else…你小子别再打我弟弟了,要不然,,,
6.There was a good talk about the increase in the world’s population. If the population keeps growing so quickly, there will only be standing room left for us next century!
That’s a problem we Chinese must pay special attention to.如果人口不断迅速增长,那么到了下个世纪,我们将只有立足之地了。那是我们中国人必须特别注意的一个问题。
▲ keep doing sth.此处表示“继续做某事”,相当于Go on doing sth.。
They kept on working after dark.天黑后,他们继续工作。
If the factory keeps polluting the river, there will be no fish left for us to eat.如果这家工厂继续污染这条河,那么我们就不会有鱼吃了。
▲在很多情况下,keep doing sth.与Keep on doing sth.意思相同,即“老是/不断做某事”,含有重复的意思,只不过后者更强调动作的反复性。
You keep on making the same mistake.你老是犯同样的错误。
He kept on wiping his eyes with the back of his hand.她老是用手背擦眼睛。
He kept on blowing his horn.他不断地按喇叭。
Will you please keep sitting where you are?请继续坐在原位上好吗?
▲ standing room意为“站着的空间/地方,余地,机会”,在这里是不可数名词。
The table takes too much room.这种桌子占的地方太多。
Can you make room on that shelf for some more books?你能在那个书架上腾出些地方再放些书吗?
He needs room to develop his skill as a painter.他需要有机会来提高他的绘画技术。
There is much room for improvement in your work.你的工作大又改进的余地。
Lesson 34
1. The area of desert in the world is growing every year. Many parts of the world,which once had large populations and produced plenty of crops,have become deserts.世界上沙漠的面积每年都在扩大,许多地区曾经人口众多,五谷丰登,而今却成了沙漠。
▲many和plenty of都作“许多”解释,前者只修饰可数名词,而后者既可修饰可数名词也可修饰不可数名词;前者一般用于疑问句,否定句和条件句中,如用在肯定句中,多用于句首修饰主语或作主语;后者一般只用于肯定句,在疑问句和否定句中用enough取而代之。
Many men, many minds.人多智慧多。
Many of us were too tired to go further.我们中很多人太疲劳了,再也走不动了。
【注】many a修饰单数名词,但具有复数含义。
Many a ship has been wrecked on those rocks.很多船只在这些礁石上毁坏。
Many a man has tried it before. 过去尝试过的已不止一个人了。
There are plenty of rooms in the hotel. 这家旅馆里有许多房间。
There’s plenty of time. 有许多时间。
2. Dunhuang in China,deep in the heart of the Gebi Desert, was once a great city.中国的敦煌,现在戈壁滩的腹地,曾经是一个大城市。
▲ Once作“曾经”,“一度”解,用于过去时态。
He once knew her but they are no longer friends.他曾经认识她,但现在不再是朋友了。
No one remembers that once popular singer.没人能记起这个曾经红极一时的歌星。
This crime fiction was once very popular, but nobody reads it today.这部侦探小说一度很受欢迎,可是现在没人看了。
I once went round the world.我曾周游过世界。
▲ Once可作连词用,引导状语从句。意为“一旦”。
M
Saving the earth