▲动词wash在这里作“冲刷,水冲来”后常接副词away ,down,out,up等,也常用被动语态。
The bank has washed away.河岸已冲垮。
The floods have washed most of the soil down from the river banks.洪水把河岸大部分的泥土冲走了。
Big logs are washed up every day on the west coast. 洪水把河岸每天都有大圆木被冲上海滩。
Heavy rain washed out three important roads overnight. 大雨一夜之间冲毁了三条重要道路。
▲ 此处blow作及物动词用,意为“吹,刮”。例:
The wind nearly blew me off my feet.风几乎把我刮倒了。
A strong wind blew down the tree.一阵大风把这棵树刮倒了。
Every time he tried to light his pipe,the wind blew the match out.每次他点烟斗时,风都把火柴吹灭了。
The wind blew away the clothes that were hanging on the line.风把绳上晾的衣服刮走了。
▲ Blow还有“(用口)吹,(号角)吹响”的意思。
His soup was too hot, so he blew on it.汤太烫了,所以他吹了吹。
Tom blew his horn to amuse his young brother.汤姆吹起喇叭逗他的小弟弟。
The pipe makes a noise when you blow through it.你往馆子里吹气,它就会出声。
▲ Blow也可作“爆炸”解。
On our trip to Florida, one of our tires blew out.在去佛罗里达的途中,我们的轮胎爆了一个。
8. Air pollution comes from factories, power stations and cars. Chemicals in the smoke from power stations cause a lot of damage.空气污染来自工厂,电站和汽车。电站发出的烟雾中所含的化学物质造成了很大的破坏。
▲ Chemical可作形容词也可作名词,在本句中作名词用,意思是“化学制品,化学药品”,是可数名词。例:
They like eXPerimenting with new chemicals.他们喜欢用新的化学药品做实验。
He mixed chemicals in a test tube.他把化学药品混合在试管里。
【注】chemical作名词用时,多用复数形式。
▲ Chemical作形容词用时“化学的,用化学方法得到的”。例:
A chemical change takes place in paper when it burns.纸燃烧时发生化学变化。
John works in a chemical works.约翰在一家化工厂工作。
chemical fibre化学纤维
chemical weapons化学武器
chemical fertilizer化肥
chemical composition化学成分
chemical reaction化学反应
chemical symbols化学符号
【注】chemical的同根词还有 chemistry化学学科 chemist化学家(师),药剂师
9. They can travel hundreds of miles in the wind,before falling to the ground in the rain.这些化学物质可以随风飘走几百英里,然后才随雨水降落地面。
▲ 此处before作连词用意为“……(之后)才”
It was a long time before I got to sleep again.过了很久,我才又睡着。
It will be five years before we meet again.我们要过五年才能再相间。
It was going to be some time before he could see his father again.还要过一段时间他才能见到他父亲。
He had to be called two or three times before he would come to his dinner.再喊他二、三次他才来吃饭。
▲ Before还有一个惯用法,相当于not,意思是“还没有……就”
He bought a new car before he sold the old one.(=He had not sold the old car,but he bought a new one.)他旧车没卖就买了新车。
She went to class before she had prepared her lessons.(=She had not prepared her lesson, but she went to class)她没备课就去上课。
【注】在否定句中before着重陈述以前情况,until着重后来的变化情况。例:
⑴I didn’t know any English before I came here.我来这儿以前不懂英语。
⑵I didn’t know any English until I came here.我知道到了这儿才开始懂英语。
【注】例 ⑴只是陈述句“以前不懂英语”这样一个事实,不涉及后来是否懂。而例⑵则着重后来的变化情况,即开始懂得英语。
10. But this “chemical rain” gradually destroys trees in the forests and kills fish in the lakes.In Germany,over 50% of the country’s trees had been damaged by the year 1986.但是这种“化学雨”逐渐摧毁森林里的树木,杀死湖泊中的鱼。到1986年,在德国,全国已有过半数的树木被摧毁。
▲ 关于名词所有格。英语中的名词所有格是在名词的词尾加’s ,修饰另一个词,作定语,表示所有关系,故称所有格。
英语中的名词所有格是在单数名词的词尾加‘s,如Mike’s pen,his father’s bike等。以 s结尾的单数名词或专有名词加’或’s,构成所有格。如 Engels’(s) procise, Jones’(s) desk, the boss’(s) order等。以–s或-es结尾的复数名词只加 ’ ,如two hours’ ride, the workers’suggestion 等。不规则复数名词在词尾加’s,复合名词的所有格在最后一个名词后加’s。
▲ 名词所有格的用法:主要用于表示有生命的东西。如:
the chairman’s speech主席的讲话。
the bird’s song 鸟的鸣叫
Tom’s car 汤姆的汽车。
▲用于表示国家,时间,距离,地区,城镇,重量,价值,自然现象等。
New Year’s Day元旦
A mile’s distance一英里的距离
China’s industry中国的工业
Ten dollars’ value十美元的价值
The river’s bank河岸
The moon’s light月光
Today’s newspaper今天的报纸
▲用于表示文化艺术及工业,科技等名词。
the book’s cover书的封面
industry’s development工业的发展
science’s wonders科学的奇迹
11. Time and time again there are serious accidents that pollute the air. In 1986 there was a bad accident at a nuclear power station in Russia.污染空气的严重事故不时地在发生。1986年俄罗斯一座河电站发生过一次严重事故。
▲time and (time) again意为“一再”,也可说 again and again。如:
He had asked himself that question time and again.他一次又一次地问自己这个问题。
The child was told time and time again not to go near the railway.这孩子一次又一次地被告知不要走近铁路。
I’ve told you time and again not to touch the vase.我不止一次的告诉过你不要碰那只花瓶。
Saving the earth