您正在看的英文论文是:Literal Translation And Free Translataion。 n: 当一名教师意味着是创造的见证人，他目睹人体开始呼吸，开始了生命.

　　Translation of 7) and 8) are smooth. But they do not accord with the eXPressive way of Chinese. It is word-for-word translation.

　　From all above, word-for-word translation is so starchy, goes after the form of source language that it never think of the effect of target language. Because word-for-word translation does not accord with the expressive way of target language, it is obscure, hard to understand it even makes target language readers did not know what does translator want to eXPress. Word-for-word translation makes target language readers confused. It is unqualified translation.

　　Literal translation also keeps the general form of source language,and keeps the structure and the metaphor of the original. But literal translation does make some neccessary adjustment, make target language smooth, clean and acceptable. After reading, target language readers can have almost the same feeling as the source language readers. But word-for-word translation only translate word by word, it is stiff and unitelligible. Quality of literal translation is good. Word-for-word translation is inferior. Literal translation and word-for-word translation can give different feeling to target language readers. All translation which is hard to accept, which have bad effect, which message is indistinct, which meaning is far from the original is word-for-word translation. This kind of translation is abortive.

　　Some translation though that all translation keeps the form of the original is literal translation. That is erroneous. They confuse the conception of literal translation with word-for-word translation. These translators translate like this: first, they look up the meaning of every word of source language in dictionary. Then, they combine the meaning of every word, never do any change. They do not know what translation is, so word-for-word translation emerge. But excellent translators know the meaning of the original. When translating, they do some neccessary adjustment, make target language clearer, smooth and acceptable. They know the difference between word-for-word translation and literal translation. They can use literal translation properly, it is a skill of translation.

　　All in all. literal translation is not word-for-word translation. Literal translation is acceptable and nimble.

　　2.3 Some sentences should not translate literally.

　　Some source language sentences are very difficult to translate literally. It only though of the meaning of surface, translate it literally, the result is unintelligible and indistinct. Some sentences do not accord with expressive way in target language. Different country has different culture,different language, different custom and different way to express the same meaning, different language has different way about metaphors, and has different idioms. In China, people usually use some idioms to describe an event or a person. So do in abroad. But Chinese idioms are unintelligible in western countries. In these suituations, if translate literally, usually, it would have bad effect and be unacceptable. When target language readers read, they could not know the exact meaning of source language. Because the message which target language eXPress was vague.

　　There are two examples: ⑤

　　9) Our son must go to school. He must break out of the pot that hold us in.

　　Literal translation: 我们的儿子一定得进学校，他一定得打破这个把我们关在里面的罐子.

　　Free translation: 我们的儿子一定要上学，一定要出人头地.

　　10) Their legs mored a little jerkily, like well-made wooden dolls, and they carried pillars of bl