您正在看的英文论文是:Literal Translation And Free Translataion。 anslation is a basic skill of translation. It keeps the form of source language, including construction of sentences, mataphor. Sometimes it should do some neccessary change to the original, make the translation accord with the eXPressive way of target language. So make the translation acceptable. A translation which translated literally is close to the original. But literal translation is not omnipotent. Some sentences should not translate literally, because these sentences contained idioms which are different in source language and target language. Translators should have extensive knowledge. Comprehened source language message correctly and thoroughly, enhance acceptability of translation. If translators want to use literal translation properly and skillfully, they must comprehened all above, and have some practice. After all, practise is the most important aspect in translation.

　　3. How to use free translation properly?

　　3.1 If it was some trouble to understand a sentence in using literal translation, use free translation.

　　In which suituation the translators can not use literal translation? When some sentences that the way of expressive between source language and target language are different, should not use literal translation. If use literal translation, target language readers would have some trouble to understand, then make the translation unacceptable. In these suituation, free translation should in use. Free translation eXPresses the general idea of the original according to the meaning of the original, and does not pay attention to the details. But translation should be fluent and natural.

　　There are two examples:⑥

　　11) I gave my youth to the sea and I came home and gave her ( my wife ) my old age.

　　Literal translation: 我把青春献给海洋，我回家的时候便把老年给了我的妻子.

　　Free translation: 我把青春献给海洋，等我回到家里见到妻子的时候，已经是白发苍苍了.

　　12) Maybe Kino has cut off his own head and destroyed himself.

　　Literal translation: 也许Kino会割掉自己的脑袋，把自己毁了.

　　Free translation: 也许Kino走了绝路，自己毁了自己.

　　From the example 12), the original "cut off his head" means have done something badly, felt into predicament. If a translator translated the original literally, his translating would make target language readers confused, after reading, target language readers would feel unacceptable. So translators should use free translation in the example 11) and 12). Because free translation can tell the ture meaning to target language readers.

　　Some sentences, if translate literally are also fluent and natural that it seems these sentences should translate literally. But translated these sentences literally could not express the deep meaning of the original. If we use free translation,effect would be better than literal translation. Free translation could eXPress the deep meaning of the original sentences.

　　For example: ⑦

　　13) Cast pearls before swine.

　　Literal translation: 把珍珠扔到猪面前.

　　Free translation: 对牛弹琴.

　　14) Barbara was born with a silver spoon in her mouth.

　　Literal translation: Barbara嘴里叼着银调羹出生的.

　　Free translation: Barbara出生最富贵人家.

　　Example 13) and 14) are metaphor, have deep moral. If translated literally, translations are fluent and natural, but it could not eXPress the deep meaning of the oroginal, it is unadvisable.

　　There is another suituation which should use free translation: a sentense that use idioms.

　　For example:⑧

　　15) Something uneXPected may happen ang time.

　　Free translation: 天有不测风云.

　　Literal translation: 一些没有预料到的事会随时发生.

　　In English, this sentence is very common. But if translated it literally into Chinese, it did not accord with the habit of eXPressive. On the contrarary, it would be unitelligible and would not achive the effect of the original. It would make target language readers inappreciatable. But in the example 15), free translation used a Chinese idioms, after reading target language readers would comprehened and have nice feeling. So free translation is a good choice when literal translation could not be used.

　　3.2 Don not add personal emotion to the original works.

　　Translation is a brige between source language and target language. Task of translation is to e