您正在看的自考英语是:大学英语自学教程。 l; careful→careless; helpful→helpless; hopeful→hopeless etc.

　　13.impractical: adj 不切实际的，反义词 practical; practice v 实践、实际

　　14.program: n 计划、节目、程序;v 编程序

　　15.tend: v 易于、倾向于， tendency n 趋势、倾向

　　a. people tend to get fat as they grow older.

　　b. prices continue to show an upward tendency. (物价呈持续上升趋势。)

　　B. Intensive reading:

　　1.Americans often say that there are only two things a person can be sure of in life: death and taxes.(*)

　　译：美国人常说，一个人一生中只有两件事可以肯定会发生：死亡和纳税。

　　分析：主语：Americans;谓语：say;that引导一个宾语从句，还包含有一个省略了关联代词的定语从句，a person can be sure in life修饰two things.

　　当先行词在定语从句中作宾语时，常可省略。

　　e.g. 1>. The watch that/which/省略 I found in the library is his.(why?)

　　2>. The girl who/whom/that/省略 you met at the party is my sister.

　　请试着翻译句子：

　　1你一直在找的那个人来了。

　　2昨天我妈给我的钱已经被偷走了。

　　Answer:

　　1.The man who/whom/that/省略 you have been looking for has come.

　　2.The money that/which/省略 my mother gave me yesterday was stolen.

　　短语;be sure of:对…确信、确定

　　e.g. We can be sure of his honesty.

　　2. Americans don’t have a corner on the death market, but many people feel that the United States leads the world with the worst taxes.(*)

　　译：美国人并不垄断“死亡”市场，但很多人感到美国却以最重的赋税在世界上名列前茅。

　　短语：have a corner on something:垄断…; lead with因…领先

　　e.g. China leads the world with her silk products.

　　3.With the high cost of taxes, people are not very happy on April 15, when the federal taxes are due.

　　译：由于高额的税款，每年4月15日人们很不开心，因为这一天是上缴联邦税款的日子。

　　分析：With the high cost of taxes,介词短语作原因状语，with = because of,由于…,

　　when the federal taxes are due是非限定性定语从句，修饰on April 15。When 叫关系副词。

　　Where, when, why是定语从句中的三个关系副词，分别在定语从句中作地点状语、时间状语、原因状语。

　　a. This is the house where I was born.(where = in which)

　　b. I’ll never forget the day when I entered the college.(when = on which)

　　c. please tell me the reason why you are always late for my class.(why = for which)

　　另外，若定语从句和先行词之间用逗号分开称为非限定性定语从句。它对先行词只是进一步补充说明，删除后不会影响整个句子的基本语意，译成汉语时一般单独翻译。

　　4.Some states have an income tax similar to that of the federal government.(*)

　　译：有些洲有与联邦政府类似的个人所得税。

　　分析：代词that指an income tax, 英文中两个进行比较的事物必须是平等的，如在口语中我们可说“北京的天气比广州干燥”，但译为英语不能写成：The weather in Beijing is drier than Guangzhou.(x)城市不能和天气进行比较，要改为：The weather in Beijing is drier than that in Guangzhou.(√)

　　5.other states have a sales tax, which is a percentage charged to any item which you buy in that state.(*)

　　译：其他洲征收销售税，对你在该洲所买的任何商品征收一定比例的税。

　　分析：包含有两个定语从句，which is a percentage charged to any item which you buy in that state是非限定定语从句，修饰a sales tax。其中还含有另一个限定定语从句which you buy in that state修饰先行词any item. charged to表示“向…征收”charged 过去分词作定语修饰a percentage.

　　6.Some states use income tax in addition to sales tax to raise their revenues.(*)

　　译：有些洲除了征收销售税，还征收个人所得税来增加税收。

　　短语：in addition to 除…还有…(+)

　　e.g. We need fat and protein in addition to vitamin in our diet.

　　raise their revenue:增加税收。

　　7.They often protest that the government uses their tax dollars in the wrong way. They say that it spends too much on useless and impractical programs.

　　译：他们经常抗议政府对他们交纳的税金使用不当。他们认为政府在一些没用或不切实际的项目上花钱太多。

　　短语：use sth in the wrong way,错误地使用…,

　　spend sth on sth在…花费，或spend sth in doing sth.

　　e.g. Mother says he spends too much time in watching TV every day.

　　8.Although Americans have different views on many issues, they tend to agree on one subject: taxes are too high.(*)

　　译：尽管美国人在许多问题上有不同的观点，但他们往往在这一点上达成共识：税收太高。

　　短语：have different views on sth对…有不同观点，tend to 通常， agree on sth同意某事，同意某人：agree with sb; 同意做某事：agree to do sth.

　　Ⅲ. Summary about the important phrases:

　　1.be sure of(1段2行); 2.have a corner on sth(1段2行); 3.lead with(1段4行); 4.consist of(2段1行); 5. depend on(3段3行); 6.that is(3段4行); 7.be similar to(4段3行); 8.in addition to(4段10行); 9.public works(5段4行); 10.municipal buildings(5段5行); 11.complain about(6段3行); 12.use sth in the wrong way(6段3-4行); 13.spend…on(6段4-5行); 14.tend on(6段6行); 15.agree on(6段6行)

　　The 3rd lecture of College English one:

　　Ⅰ. Key to part exercises from page 39 to 43:

　　一、课文练习：

　　Ⅰ.a, c, a, a, c

　　Ⅲ. 1.due; 2.depends on; 3.diverse; 4.consisted of; 5.similar; 6.tends to; 7.complaining about; 8.i addition to; 9.issue;

　　10.agree on

　　Ⅳ. 1. How m