您正在看的自考英语是:大学英语自学教程。 实条件句中：条件句分为真实和非真实两种。非真实条件句包括违背现在事实的假设、过去事实的假设、以及不希望将来某种愿望实现的假设。

　　a.If I were you, I would reconsider their advice.

　　b.If I hadn’t been so easy, I would have come early.

　　c.If I should fail, I would try again.

　　为了便于大家学习，在初学阶段可先记住如下表格：

　　条件从句

　　结果主句

　　对现在事实的违背

　　过去式

　　should + 动词原形

　　would + 动词原形

　　对过去事实的违背

　　had + 动词过去分词

　　should + have + 动词原形

　　would + have + 动词原形

　　对将来事实的违背

　　Should + 动词原形

　　should + 动词原形

　　Were + 动词不定式

　　would + 动词原形

　　C. Further notes on some sentences:

　　1. Except for the sun, the moon looks the biggest object in the sky.

　　译：除了太阳，月球是天空中看起来最大的物体。

　　except for:除了…,c.f：except, except that.

　　a.all the articles are good except yours.

　　b.Your article is good except for some grammar mistakes.

　　c.Except that he passed the exam, we all failed.

　　总结：从整体中去除与主语是相同的事物用except, 若所去除的事物与主语不是同类项用except for, 而只有except that可放在句首引导从句。

　　2. We always find that this is the part which faces towards the sun, while the part facing away from the sun appears dark.(*)

　　译：我们总是发现面对着太阳的那一面是亮的，而背离太阳的那部分则是黑的。

　　这是一个难句。that this is the part which faces towards the sun, while the part facing away from the sun appears dark是find的宾语从句，其中包含有一个定语从句which faces towards the sun修饰the part，一个时间状语从句while the part facing away from the sun appears dark，还有一个现在分词做定语facing away from the sun appears dark = which faces away from the sun…

　　3. Artists could make their pictures better if they kept this in mind—only those parts of the moon which are lighted up by the sun are bright.

　　译：只有被太阳照射到的那些部分才是明亮的—如果美术家牢记这一点，也许能使他们的画画得更好。

　　本句是对现在某种情况的假设，因此用了虚拟语气。

　　短语：keep sth in mind牢记谋事;light up:点亮、照亮

　　4. In the same way the surface of the whole earth reflects enough of the sun’s light on to the face of the moon for us to be able see the parts of it which would otherwise be dark.

　　译：同样整个地球表面将充足的阳光反射到月球表面，使我们能够看到原本会是黑暗的那部分月球表面。

　　这是一个难句，隐含有一个虚拟语气句：which would otherwise be dark.

　　That is: If the surface of the whole earth didn’t reflect enough of the sun’s light on to the face of the moon, the parts of it would be dark.

　　短语：in the same way用同样的方式; reflect sth on to/onto sth 反射到…; be able to do 能做…

　　D. useful phrases:

　　1.except for(2段1行); 2.face towards sth(3段4行); 3.face away from sth(3段4行); 4.keep sth in mind(3段6行); 5.light up(3段6行); 6.sth is enough for sb to do(4段2行); 7.speak of(4段3行); 8.know sth well(4段5行); 9.reflect sth onto sth(4段6-7行); 10.in the same way(4段7行);

　　homework:

　　从所给词中选择恰当的填入空格内;

　　boil narrow unusual salty average spot peak crew affect highway

　　1. The ___ hours of traffic means the times when the traffic is highest.

　　2. All the ____ members on the ship are ready for sail.

　　3. Jack’s work at school is well above the ____, but he is still not happy with himself.

　　4. When water ___, it changes into steam.

　　5. His ____ ideas surprised everyone.

　　6. The information super ____ makes the world smaller and smaller.

　　7. He road was too ___ for trucks to pass.

　　8. He wants to know why sea water is _____.

　　9. He showed the police the very ____ where he was beaten.

　　10. He said that the climate ____ his health.

　　Key:

　　1.peak; 2.crew; 3.average; 4.boils; 5.unusual; 6.highway; 7.narrow; 8.salty; 9.spot; 10.affected

　　汉译英：

　　1、这座山有泰山的一半高。

　　2、这所学校平均每个班有45人。

　　3、昨晚他过了好一会儿才入睡。

　　4、电视里的广告太多，无法记住到底有多少。

　　5、许多错误的想法导致哥伦布时代的人不愿西行。

　　Key:

　　1. The mountain is half as high as Mount Tai.

　　2. on the average, there are 45 students in each class in this school.

　　3. Last night it took him quite a long time to fall asleep.

　　4. There are so many ads on TV that it’s impossible to remember the exact number.

　　5. Many wrong ideas made people in the days of Columbus unwilling to sail westward.

　　Homework for 2nd lecture:

　　1. He is not only a teacher, _____ also a friend.

　　however but as and

　　2. Deaf and dumb people “talk” to each other with the help of their ____

　　fingers eyes faces mouths

　　3. Music is different from languages. It can be ____ by people from different countries.

　　spoke understood known taken

　　4. An Italian entered a restaurant and sat down ____ a table.

　　on in to at

　　5. Moving one’s head up and down generally _____ “yes”.

　　means says brings makes

　　6. He was just going to give up __