您正在看的大学四六级是:四级翻译的原则与方法。
unsolved after his repeated e
XPlanations.
译文:虽经他一再解释,疑团仍然存在。
The examination left no dou
bt that the patient had d
ied of cancer.
译文:调查结果清楚的说明病人死于癌症。
2)副词,例如:
It is the only possession that I have not given up.
译文:这是我所保留的唯一财产。
3)形容词及其短语,例如:
He was an indecisive sort of person and always capricious(反复无常的).
译文:他这个人优柔寡断,而且总是反复无常。
4)介词及其短语,例如:
The whole gun was no longer than eight inches.
译文:整枝枪的长度只有8英寸。
The problem is not beyond our reach.
译文:这个问题我们能解决。
5)名词,例如:
He showed a strong dislike for father’s business.
译文:他对他父亲的生意表现出强烈的厌恶。
6)句子,例如:
The significance of these incidents wasn’t lost on us.
译文:这些事件引起了我们的重视。
7)习惯用法,例如:
no…less than, no…more than,“和……一样”
例如:
Violent video games appeared no more likely to cause loss of temper than other forms of play.译文:含有暴力内容的电子游戏和其他形式的游戏一样,似乎都不大可能使人受挫发火。
四、翻译中应注意的问题
在考试中,除了很好的应用翻译技巧以外,还要注意避免一些错误,防止不必要的丢分。考试中考生在翻译方面常见的失误通常表现在指代关系的误译、时态的误译和语态的误译这三个方面。
1.指代关系的误译
在原文中有时会出现代词或有指代意义的动词,很多考生直接将这些指代词按照该词的意思翻译。因此,翻译时要注意联系上下文或通过语法分析,正确理解指代部分的含义,如果需要译出其含义时,要正确表达。在英语中代词的使用频率较高,而汉语则没有频繁使用代词的习惯。另外有时使用代词会使句子意义不明。因此,要结合具体情况,适当的译出指代部分的含义。
例如:
Money spent on advertising is as well as any money spent that I know of. It serves directly to assist a rapid distribution of goods at reasonable prices, thereby establishing a firm home market. By drawing attention to new ideas it helps enormously to raise standards of living. By helping to increase demand it ensures an increased need for labour and is therefore an effective way to fight unemployment. It lowers the costs of many services: without advertisements your daily newspaper would cost four times as much, the price of your television licence would need to be doubled, and travel by bus or tube would cost 20 per cent more.
译文:很多考生的译文“它直接起到了推动产品能从合理的价格得以销售的作用,从而建立起一个强有力的国内市场。”
这句译文基本上是准确的,但是句子的主语译为“它”,出现了指代不明确和不符合汉语习惯的错误。
在原文中,it显然既可能指money,也可能指advertising。在这种情况下,就需要明确指代对象,以免语意不清。而且在汉语中通常很少有“它……,它……,它……”的句式。
从句子平行结构来看,前一句的money和it都处于主语位置,it有可能指money。但是根据上下文分析,尤其是按照原文最后一句话的意思(没有广告,报纸会比现在贵一倍,……),it应指advertising。所以,原文中it应译为“广告”比较恰当。
2.时态的误译
英语中有16种时态,每一种时态表示一定的时间概念。由于汉语中动词没有时态的变化,因此需要适当添加表示时间的副词,如:“以前”、“已经”、“现在”、“正在”等等。在增加这些副词时,要注意首先正确理解句中时态的含义。
例如:
The“shareholder”as such had no knowledge of the lives, thoughts or needs of the workmen employed by the company in which he held shares, and his influence on the relations of capital and labour was not good. The paid manager acting for the company was in more direct relation with the men and their demands, but even he seldom had that familiar personal knowledge of the